Without realizing, most archaeologists shift within a scale of interpretation of material culture. Material data is interpreted from the scale of an individual in a specific place and time, then shifted to the complex dynamics of cultural groups spread over time and place. This book discusses the cultural, social and spatial aspects of scale and its impact on archaeology, and shows how an improved awareness of scale offers new and exciting interpretations.

Author Biography:
Gary Lock is University Lecturer in Archaeology at the University of Oxford and is the editor of Archaeology and Geographic Information Systems: A European Perspective, with Zoran Stancic.

Maps have always been a fundamental tool in archaeological practice, and their prominence and variety have increased along with a growing range of digital technologies used to collect, visualise, query and analyse spatial data. However, unlike in other disciplines, the development of archaeological cartographical critique has been surprisingly slow; a missed opportunity given that archaeology, with its vast and multifaceted experience with space and maps, can significantly contribute to the field of critical mapping. Re-mapping Archaeology thinks through cartographic challenges in archaeology and critiques the existing mapping traditions used in the social sciences and humanities, especially since the 1990s. It provides a unique archaeological perspective on cartographic theory and innovatively pulls together a wide range of mapping practices applicable to archaeology and other disciplines. This volume will be suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for established researchers in archaeology, geography, anthropology, history, landscape studies, ethnology and sociology.

Author Biography:
Gary Lock is University Lecturer in Archaeology at the University of Oxford and is the editor of Archaeology and Geographic Information Systems: A European Perspective, with Zoran Stancic.

Maps have always been a fundamental tool in archaeological practice, and their prominence and variety have increased along with a growing range of digital technologies used to collect, visualise, query and analyse spatial data. However, unlike in other disciplines, the development of archaeological cartographical critique has been surprisingly slow; a missed opportunity given that archaeology, with its vast and multifaceted experience with space and maps, can significantly contribute to the field of critical mapping. Re-mapping Archaeology thinks through cartographic challenges in archaeology and critiques the existing mapping traditions used in the social sciences and humanities, especially since the 1990s. It provides a unique archaeological perspective on cartographic theory and innovatively pulls together a wide range of mapping practices applicable to archaeology and other disciplines. This volume will be suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for established researchers in archaeology, geography, anthropology, history, landscape studies, ethnology and sociology.

Effective spatial analysis is an essential element of archaeological research; this book is a unique guide to choosing the appropriate technique, applying it correctly and understanding its implications both theoretically and practically. Focusing upon the key techniques used in archaeological spatial analysis, this book provides the authoritative, yet accessible, methodological guide to the subject which has thus far been missing from the corpus. Each chapter tackles a specific technique or application area and follows a clear and coherent structure. First is a richly referenced introduction to the particular technique, followed by a detailed description of the methodology, then an archaeological case study to illustrate the application of the technique, and conclusions that point to the implications and potential of the technique within archaeology. The book is designed to function as the main textbook for archaeological spatial analysis courses at undergraduate and post-graduate level, while its user-friendly structure makes it also suitable for self-learning by archaeology students as well as researchers and professionals.

For almost forty years the study of the Iron Age in Britain has been dominated by Professor Sir Barry Cunliffe. Between the 1960s and 1980s he led a series of large-scale excavations at famous sites including the Roman baths at Bath, Fishbourne Roman palace, and Danebury hillfort which revolutionized our understanding of Iron Age society, and the interaction between this world of "barbarians" and the classical civilizations of the Mediterranean. His standard text on Iron Age Communities in Britain is in its fourth edition, and he has published groundbreaking volumes of synthesis on The Ancient Celts (OUP, 1997) and on the peoples of the Atlantic coast, Facing the Ocean (OUP, 2001). This volume brings together papers from more than thirty of Professor Cunliffe's colleagues and students to mark his retirement from the Chair of European Archaeology at the University of Oxford, a post which he has held since 1972. The breadth of the contributions, extending over 800 years and ranging from the Atlantic fringes to the eastern Mediterranean, is testimony to Barry Cunliffe's own extraordinarily wide interests.

Effective spatial analysis is an essential element of archaeological research; this book is a unique guide to choosing the appropriate technique, applying it correctly and understanding its implications both theoretically and practically. Focusing upon the key techniques used in archaeological spatial analysis, this book provides the authoritative, yet accessible, methodological guide to the subject which has thus far been missing from the corpus. Each chapter tackles a specific technique or application area and follows a clear and coherent structure. First is a richly referenced introduction to the particular technique, followed by a detailed description of the methodology, then an archaeological case study to illustrate the application of the technique, and conclusions that point to the implications and potential of the technique within archaeology. The book is designed to function as the main textbook for archaeological spatial analysis courses at undergraduate and post-graduate level, while its user-friendly structure makes it also suitable for self-learning by archaeology students as well as researchers and professionals.

Without realizing, most archaeologists shift within a scale of interpretation of material culture. Material data is interpreted from the scale of an individual in a specific place and time, then shifted to the complex dynamics of cultural groups spread over time and place. This book discusses the cultural, social and spatial aspects of scale and its impact on archaeology, and shows how an improved awareness of scale offers new and exciting interpretations.

These two barrows in the parish of Tixall, north of Stafford, were excavated by the Stoke-on-Trent Museum Archaeological Society between the years 1986 and 1994. They are approximately one kilometre apart with King s Low still extant but Queen s Low badly damaged by ploughing. The results are important because little excavation of round barrows has been carried out in this area of North Staffordshire and these add considerably to the local corpus of knowledge concerning Early Bronze Age burial practices and various categories of material culture including Collared Urns and a single faience bead at each site."

This book provides the first comprehensive series of maps of the hillforts of Britain and Ireland, with accompanying commentaries and broader overviews which interpret the survival and detection of this evidence in its later prehistoric and early historic contexts. The authors expertly assess and analyse the available evidence for over 4,000 hillforts from Shetland to Cornwall to County Clare to a single standard and present their findings in both map and descriptive form. Further detailed information is available to search online via our website.

Funded by the AHRC, the Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland project (2012-2016) involved a team drawn from the Universities of Oxford, Edinburgh and Cork which was responsible for compiling a massive database, now freely available online at https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac, on hillforts in Britain and Ireland. This was underpinned by a major desk-based re-assessment of accessible records. These twelve studies, presented at the end of that exercise to a conference in Edinburgh, and contributed by team members and colleagues, outline the background to and development of the project (Gary Lock) and offer a preliminary assessment of the online digital Atlas (John Pouncett) as well as presenting initial research studies using Atlas data. The volume is profusely illustrated with over 140 figures, including many new maps. Ian Ralston provides a historical assessment of key stages in the enumeration and mapping of these important monuments on both sides of the Irish Sea. The hill- and promontory forts of England, Wales and the Isle of Man are assessed by Ian Brown and those of Ireland by James O’Driscoll, Alan Hawkes and William O’Brien. Stratford Halliday’s study of the Scottish evidence focuses on the impact of the application of the Atlas criteria to the records of forts in that country. Simon Maddison deploys Percolation Analysis as an example of the potential re-use of the Atlas data in analysing new distributions; Jessica Murray presents a GIS-based approach to hillfort settings and configurations. Syntheses on insular Early Historic fortified settlements in northern Britain and Ireland, by James O’Driscoll and Gordon Noble, and on hillforts in areas of the nearer Continent are included. The latter comprise an overview by Sophie Krausz on Iron Age fortifications in France and a consideration of the south German records of hillforts and oppida by Axel Posluschny, while Fernando Rodriguez del Cueto tackles the north-western Spanish evidence.

Paul Day Chronicles - Happily After Ever (The complete days of 2006) Love, Life and Lots of Laughs For Paul Day, there's never been any such thing as a normal year. But could 2006 be the exception to the rule? Could 2006, now at age thirty, be the beginning of all his plans going smoothly, and become his first real successful and happy year? Not if his usual brand of life chaos has anything to do with it And following his break up with the tempestuous Ever-lyn, Paul wonders whether he will actually be able to live Happily After Ever Follow Paul as, per usual, he turns every ordinary event into an extraordinary drama. From diamond ring purchases to internet dating, via stag dos and bungee jumps, punctuated with ill-fated encounters with the law and perpetual career struggles. As usual it's one riotous, laugh out loud, calamity quickly followed by another And then there are the women. Soul mates, childhood sweethearts, sexual deviants, internet dates, girls from nightclubs, women from work....so many women You'd think that one of them must be the one But which one? Happily After Ever is a comedy epic that proves that bad luck, brutal fate, being at the wrong place at the wrong time, combined with exceptional stupidity, can be a dangerous cocktail And through the normal, everyday, events that somehow turn into outlandish and comical episodes, along with quirky observations about pretty much anything and everything, you'll probably find that there's a bit of Paul Day in all of us Happily After Ever includes the short stories Love Is Like Fireworks , The Stag Do, Football Is Like Sex and Fate... Bloody Fate - and a whole lot more

Paul Day Chronicles - Dead Legs, Exam Dreads and Fun Behind the Bike Sheds (From the days of 1992) The last days of School..... What is it they say? That your School days are the best days of your life? Are they being real? The peer pressure, the bullying, the desperate quest to get girls to notice you? The detentions, the exams, the arrogant teachers? Not even mentioning crazy headmasters who should be locked away somewhere far, far away for the safety of the students - and themselves If these really are the best days of your life then is living beyond being a teenager really worth it? But for Paul Day, the last days of School have surprisingly, and unexpectedly, become so much more. He has found a girlfriend He has found out the real reason why students hang out behind the bike sheds But she is clever, and is going to College after leaving School. Can he risk letting her be alone with all those, also clever, College boys - without him being there to stop her talking to any of them? But, more importantly, can he prove the teacher's predictions were a little off by somehow re-learning four and a half years worth of education and passing some of his own exams? Taken from the comedy epic that is Paul Day Chronicles - Goodbye B.M.X. Hello S.E.X., this short adventure follows the last days of Paul Days School life. How will his unique brand of life chaos cope with work experience and sex education classes? Or a dreaded visit to the headmasters' office? And those exams? Cringingly, laugh out loud funny and touchingly poignant; join Paul as he discovers whether they were actually right - are those School days the best days of your life after all......?

Goodbye B.M.X. Hello S.E.X. - Paul Day Chronicles (The complete days of 1992) It is 1992. Paul Day is entering the final year of his School life and is faced with the same pressures as every other 16 year old. His all important exams are fast approaching followed by the dilemma of further education and/or those vital career choices. Monumental decisions that pretty much shape the rest of your life. But Paul isn't interested in any of that. He is a 16 year old boy He wants to have sex Preferably with a girl He wants to know what falling in love feels like - preferably with a girl He wants to go into a pub for the first time, and to pass his driving test when the time comes. But, as they say, be careful what you wish for Because, unfortunately for Paul, all the events of his life come with an unwanted side order - his own unique brand of life chaos Experiences that are ordinary events for normal people, somehow always turn into extraordinary dramas... Goodbye B.M.X. Hello S.E.X. is a comedy epic that proves that youthful enthusiasm, when mixed with brutal fate and exceptional stupidity, can be an explosive, laugh out loud, cocktail But, beyond the wild rollercoaster of a teenagers' hopes and aspirations and desires and urges , could there be even greater treasures in life than you could possibly dream of? Goodbye B.M.X. Hello S.E.X. includes the short stories Love For The Very First Time and Dead Legs, Exam Dreads And Fun Behind The Bike Sheds - and a whole lot more

Paul Day Chronicles - Love For The Very First Time (From the days of 1992) Do you remember falling in love for the first time? Those tingly feelings that wriggle and jiggle around in your stomach? Feelings that, for the first time, didn't come from a ride on a rollercoaster or appear a couple of hours after another of your Mum's undercooked Chicken dinners The loss of appetite? That wasn't caused by your Mum's announcement that she was cooking another Chicken dinner The feeling that you've met the one that you know you want to spend the rest of your life with? That special, indescribable time? For Paul Day that time was 1992, with a girl named Louise Knight. But is true love really worth it, when you are faced with having to attend geeky, after-School clubs or having to constantly let your friends down? Not to mention having to meet, and impress, over-protective parents for the first time? Taken from the comedy epic that is Paul Day Chronicles - Goodbye B.M.X. Hello S.E.X., this short adventure focuses on what it's like, for a sixteen year old School boy, to fall in love. But Paul Day isn't your everyday School boy - he is burdened by his unique brand of life chaos Awkward, quirky, touching and laugh out loud funny; join Paul for his coming of age as he experiences what love is really like for the very first time.

Paul Day Chronicles - Love Is Like Fireworks (From the days of 2006) For Paul Day a bad year isn't the exception to the rule, it's pretty much the norm. And 2006 is certainly no different. Age 30, seemingly stuck on the shelf after another disastrous relationship ends in a shambles. Just another number in the Governments' unemployed statistics. Could life get any worse? So, when his childhood sweetheart, Louise Knight, re-appears into his life, you could forgive him for forgetting about one of the key rules of love, couldn't you? You know, the firework rule - never go back.....? Taken from the comedy epic that is Paul Day Chronicles - Happily After Ever, this short adventure focuses on what happens when you try to rekindle the flames of love from days gone by. Touching, thought provoking, and more than anything laugh out loud funny, read along as Paul Day brings his own brand of life chaos to every situation he finds himself in.

Paul Day Chronicles - The Stag Do. From the days of 2006 When your life seems to have turned into a perpetual journey that crashes from one disaster to another, what's the perfect antidote? A break from the norm. A chance to getaway. A holiday? Or, even better - a stag do A couple of days away from the mundane grindstone of everyday living, doing some much needed "male bonding" (Which is not gay, like it sounds, but is actually just two words used for excessive drinking and general male stupidity ) For Paul Day, it's exactly what he needs. And surely, when you're away from home, then those disasters won't be able to follow you.....? Taken from the comedy epic that is Paul Day Chronicles - Happily After Ever , this short adventure follows Paul Day to Nottingham, on his best friends stag do. Two days and nights of wild (well, as wild as a group of 30-odd year olds get ) activities and misdemeanors in a City where, supposedly, women outnumber men at a ratio of five to one It should be the perfect getaway. Of course, that is unless Paul Days unique brand of life chaos decides it also wants a nice little trip to Nottingham.....

Are you looking for Family Games, Group Games, or Children's Games & Activities? Planning a Party, Date Night, Family Get-Together, or a Game Night? This book includes hundreds of fun game and activity ideas for people of all ages, groups of all sizes, and for any game category and setting More importantly, the purpose of this book is to bring families together, create fun and meaningful memories, and provide wholesome entertainment for everyone THIS BOOK INCLUDES: - 175 of the greatest family, group, & children's games - 50 variations to keep games interesting and fun each time you play - Classic games with new twists, many new games, and all-time favorites - No-cost & low-prep games, with objects used from around the house - Simple, easy to read, and step-by-step instructions with various illustrations to help describe game rules - An extensive index of categorized games - Games for all age groups, skill levels, and group sizes - Dozens of games from every possible game category and setting TYPES OF GAMES INCLUDE: - Family Games - Group Games - Children's Games - Educational & Intellectual Games - Funny Games - Teens & Dating Games - Card Games - Team Building & Leadership Games - Church & Youth Group Games - Family Night Games - Back Yard, BBQ, & Park Games - Indoor & Outdoor Games - Etc... THIS BOOK IS THE PERFECT RESOURCE FOR: - Families Everywhere - Children of All Ages - Teenagers & Youth - College Students & Groups - Adults & Couples - Mom's & Parents Everywhere - Summer Camp Councilors - School Teachers - Church & Youth Group Leaders - Sorority's, Fraternity's, & Clubs - FOR EVERYONE

The nineteenth consecutive conference, CAA91, held at the University of Oxford, 25-27th March 1991. More than thirty papers are presented here, organised into four major groups: databases, GIS, statistics, images and graphics. Contributors include: Nick Ryan, Michael Heyworth, Neil Lang, Steve Stead, John Castleford, Clive Ruggles, Clive Orton, and many others.