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The first edition of "The Thirty Years' War
offered an unrivalled survey of a central period in European
history. Drawing on a huge body of source material from different
languages and countries throughout Europe, it provided a clear and
comprehensive narrative" "and analytical account of the subject. It
has established itself as the classic text with reviewers, students
and the general reader. This second edition has been thoroughly
revised to include the very latest research. The updated
bibliographical information provides an invaluable" "resource,
synthesising the major work in the field, in all languages, up to
1996. The book covers the horrors of the war and the contorted
politics of the period. It deals with all the major figures,
including Wallerstein and Richelieu, Gustavus Adolphus and Tilly,
the Winter King and" "the Habsburg emperors. For range and depth of
coverage there is no other work like it. It has become the
definitive book on the subject. Contributors: Simon Adams, Gerhard
Benecke, Richard Bonney, John H. Elliott, R.J.W. Evans, Christopher
R. Friedrichs, Bodo Nischan, Geoffrey Parker, E." "Ladewig
Petersen, Michael Roberts."
Using the examples of the Ottoman Empire, Spain, Austria, France
and Germany, this book describes the principal geopolitical
features of the expansionist state. It then presents a model of the
operation of the expansionist process over space and time. It goes
on to apply the geopolitical characteristics of the model to the
period after 1945 in order to assess the extent to which the Soviet
Union might be considered as being an expansionist state, either
actually or potentially. This latter question is obviously once
more extremely relevant with the current events in Ukraine.
This book surveys the development of geo-political thought in
the twentieth century and relates it to international political
developments, as well as examining how sound geopolitical theories
are. It considers the work of Mackinder, Hartshorne, and Haushofer
and his disciples in Germany who influenced the Nazis; and of more
recent developments including Marxist geographical writing.
One of the most fierce and wide-ranging debates in historical
circles during the last twenty years has concerned the theory that
throughout Europe, the seventeenth century was a period of crisis
so pervasive, significant and intense that it could be labelled a
'General Crisis'. A number of articles stimulated by the debate
were collected and published in a book entitled Crisis in Europe,
edited by Trevor Aston.
This volume takes the still acrimonious debate up to the present
day. The editors have collected together ten important subsequent
essays concerning the social, economic and political crises which
affected not only Europe but also Asia in the mid-seventeenth
century. All the pieces are essential reading for a clear
understanding of the period. This new edition of The General Crisis
of the Seventeenth Century contains fresh research, new
perspectives and completely updated bibliographies and index.
One of the fiercest and most wide-ranging debates in historical
circles during the last decade has concerned the theory that,
throughout Europe, the seventeenth century was a period of crisis
so significant and intense that it could be labeled a "General
Crisis."
This updated volume takes the still acrimonious debate up to
today. Geoffrey Parker and Lesley Smith have collected ten
important subsequent essays concerning the social, economic and
political crises which affected Europe and Asia in the
mid-seventeenth century. This edition of "The General Crisis of the
Seventeenth Century" contains fresh research, new perspectives and
completely updated bibliographies and index.
The first edition of "The Thirty Years' War
offered an unrivalled survey of a central period in European
history. Drawing on a huge body of source material from different
languages and countries throughout Europe, it provided a clear and
comprehensive narrative" "and analytical account of the subject. It
has established itself as the classic text with reviewers, students
and the general reader. This second edition has been thoroughly
revised to include the very latest research. The updated
bibliographical information provides an invaluable" "resource,
synthesising the major work in the field, in all languages, up to
1996. The book covers the horrors of the war and the contorted
politics of the period. It deals with all the major figures,
including Wallerstein and Richelieu, Gustavus Adolphus and Tilly,
the Winter King and" "the Habsburg emperors. For range and depth of
coverage there is no other work like it. It has become the
definitive book on the subject. Contributors: Simon Adams, Gerhard
Benecke, Richard Bonney, John H. Elliott, R.J.W. Evans, Christopher
R. Friedrichs, Bodo Nischan, Geoffrey Parker, E." "Ladewig
Petersen, Michael Roberts."
This book surveys the development of geo-political thought in the
twentieth century and relates it to international political
developments, as well as examining how sound geopolitical theories
are. It considers the work of Mackinder, Hartshorne, and Haushofer
and his disciples in Germany who influenced the Nazis; and of more
recent developments including Marxist geographical writing.
Drawing on vital new evidence, a top historian dramatically
reinterprets the life and reign of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V,
ruler of the world's first transatlantic empire"Masterly."-William
Anthony Hay, Wall Street Journal "Seldom does one find a work of
such profound scholarship delivered in such elegant and engaging
prose. Drawing deftly on an astonishing volume of documentary
evidence, Parker has produced a masterpiece: an epic, detailed and
vivid life of this complex man and his impossibly large
empire."-Susannah Lipscomb, Financial Times Selected as a book of
the year (2020) by Simon Sebag Montefiore in Aspects of History
magazine The life of Emperor Charles V (1500-1558), ruler of Spain,
Germany, the Netherlands, and much of Italy and Central and South
America, has long intrigued biographers. But the elusive nature of
the man (despite an abundance of documentation), his relentless
travel and the control of his own image, together with the
complexity of governing the world's first transatlantic empire,
complicate the task. Geoffrey Parker, one of the world's leading
historians of early modern Europe, has examined the surviving
written sources in Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latin, and
Spanish, as well as visual and material evidence. He explores the
crucial decisions that created and preserved this vast empire,
analyzes Charles's achievements within the context of both personal
and structural factors, and scrutinizes the intimate details of the
ruler's life for clues to his character and inclinations. The
result is a unique biography that interrogates every dimension of
Charles's reign and views the world through the emperor's own eyes.
Now available in paperback, The Persians tells the story of this
cultured ancient civilization, tracing the unique features of
Persian life as well as their influence down the centuries. The
book describes the difficulties early Persians encountered and how
these contributed to their unique character and the establishment
of the Achaemenid Empire. It recounts the keenly fought conflicts
with the Greeks for mastery of the Eastern Mediterranean, a contest
which was to dominate the geopolitics of the ancient world, and it
paints a vivid picture of the many great Persian cities and their
spectacular achievements: an efficient road system that linked an
empire together; respect for their subject peoples; and advances in
irrigation techniques which created a 'paradise' envied by their
neighbours.
The definitive history of the Spanish Armada, lavishly illustrated
and fully revised In July 1588 the Spanish Armada sailed from
Corunna to conquer England. Three weeks later an English fireship
attack in the Channel-and then a fierce naval battle-foiled the
planned invasion. Many myths still surround these events. The
genius of Sir Francis Drake is exalted, while Spain's efforts are
belittled. But what really happened during that fateful encounter?
Drawing on archives from around the world, Colin Martin and
Geoffrey Parker also deploy vital new evidence from Armada
shipwrecks off the coasts of Ireland and Scotland. Their gripping,
beautifully illustrated account provides a fresh understanding of
how the rival fleets came into being; how they looked, sounded, and
smelled; and what happened when they finally clashed. Looking
beyond the events of 1588 to the complex politics which made war
between England and Spain inevitable, and at the political and
dynastic aftermath, Armada deconstructs the many legends to reveal
why, ultimately, the bold Spanish mission failed.
Using the examples of the Ottoman Empire, Spain, Austria, France
and Germany, this book describes the principal geopolitical
features of the expansionist state. It then presents a model of the
operation of the expansionist process over space and time. It goes
on to apply the geopolitical characteristics of the model to the
period after 1945 in order to assess the extent to which the Soviet
Union might be considered as being an expansionist state, either
actually or potentially. This latter question is obviously once
more extremely relevant with the current events in Ukraine.
An accessible synthesis of the prescient best seller exploring
seventeenth-century catastrophe and the impact of climate change
First published in 2013, Geoffrey Parker's prize-winning best
seller Global Crisis analyzes the unprecedented
calamities-revolutions, droughts, famines, invasions, wars, and
regicides-that befell the mid-seventeenth-century world and wiped
out as much as one-third of the global population, and reveals
climate change to be the root cause. Examining firsthand accounts
of the crises and scrutinizing the prevailing weather patterns
during the 1640s and 1650s-longer and harsher winters, and cooler
and wetter summers-Parker reveals evidence of disrupted growing
seasons causing malnutrition, disease, a higher death toll, and
fewer births. This new abridged edition distills the original
book's prodigious research for a broader audience while retaining
and indeed emphasizing Parker's extraordinary historical
achievement: his dazzling demonstration of the link between climate
change and worldwide catastrophe 350 years ago. Yet, the
contemporary implications of his study are equally important: are
we prepared today for the catastrophes that climate change could
bring tomorrow? At half the original length, this user-friendly
abridgment is ideal for students and general readers seeking a
rapid handle on the key issues.
A vast archive of documents, unread since the sixteenth century,
revises the portrait of Philip II, Spain's best-known king "A
superbly informed narrative of Philip II's long career as Europe's
most powerful king."-Henry Kamen, Little Reviews "This
authoritative, intelligently revisionist biography must stand now
as the primary reference."-Iain Finlayson, The Times Philip II
(1527-1598) is not only the most famous king in Spanish history,
but one of the most famous monarchs in English history: the man who
married Mary Tudor and later launched the Spanish Armada against
her sister Elizabeth I. This compelling biography of the most
powerful European monarch of his day begins with his conception
(1526) and ends with his ascent to Paradise (1603), two occurrences
surprisingly well documented by contemporaries. Eminent historian
Geoffrey Parker draws on four decades of research on Philip as well
as a recent, extraordinary archival discovery-a trove of 3,000
documents in the vaults of the Hispanic Society of America in New
York City, unread since crossing Philip's own desk more than four
centuries ago. Many of them change significantly what we know about
the king. The book examines Philip's long apprenticeship; his three
principal interests (work, play, and religion); and the major
political, military, and personal challenges he faced during his
long reign. Parker offers fresh insights into the causes of
Philip's leadership failures: was his empire simply too big to
manage, or would a monarch with different talents and temperament
have fared better?
In this spellbinding biography, the definitive work on Philip,
Geoffrey Parker drew upon a vast, previously untapped collection of
the king's private correspondence, in which he expressed his
emotions, personal thoughts, and social philosophy. This new
edition has a Bibliographical Essay, evaluating the many new works
on Philip published on and around the 400th anniversary of his
death.
How to account for decades of worldwide war, revolution, and human
suffering in the seventeenth century? A master historian uncovers
the disturbing answer. Revolutions, droughts, famines, invasions,
wars, regicides - the calamities of the mid-seventeenth century
were not only unprecedented, they were agonisingly widespread. A
global crisis extended from England to Japan, and from the Russian
Empire to sub-Saharan Africa. North and South America, too,
suffered turbulence. The distinguished historian Geoffrey Parker
examines first-hand accounts of men and women throughout the world
describing what they saw and suffered during a sequence of
political, economic and social crises that stretched from 1618 to
the 1680s. Parker also deploys scientific evidence concerning
climate conditions of the period, and his use of 'natural' as well
as 'human' archives transforms our understanding of the World
Crisis. Changes in the prevailing weather patterns during the 1640s
and 1650s - longer and harsher winters, and cooler and wetter
summers - disrupted growing seasons, causing dearth, malnutrition,
and disease, along with more deaths and fewer births. Some
contemporaries estimated that one-third of the world died, and much
of the surviving historical evidence supports their pessimism.
Parker's demonstration of the link between climate change and
worldwide catastrophe 350 years ago stands as an extraordinary
historical achievement. And the contemporary implications of his
study are equally important: are we at all prepared today for the
catastrophes that climate change could bring tomorrow?
The new edition of The Cambridge History of Warfare, written and
updated by a team of eight distinguished military historians,
examines how war was waged by Western powers across a sweeping
timeframe beginning with classical Greece and Rome, moving through
the Middle Ages and the early modern period, down to the wars of
the twenty-first century in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. The book
stresses five essential aspects of the Western way of war: a
combination of technology, discipline, and an aggressive military
tradition with an extraordinary capacity to respond rapidly to
challenges and to use capital rather than manpower to win. Although
the focus remains on the West, and on the role of violence in its
rise, each chapter also examines the military effectiveness of its
adversaries and the regions in which the West's military edge has
been - and continues to be - challenged.
The new edition of The Cambridge History of Warfare, written and
updated by a team of eight distinguished military historians,
examines how war was waged by Western powers across a sweeping
timeframe beginning with classical Greece and Rome, moving through
the Middle Ages and the early modern period, down to the wars of
the twenty-first century in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. The book
stresses five essential aspects of the Western way of war: a
combination of technology, discipline, and an aggressive military
tradition with an extraordinary capacity to respond rapidly to
challenges and to use capital rather than manpower to win. Although
the focus remains on the West, and on the role of violence in its
rise, each chapter also examines the military effectiveness of its
adversaries and the regions in which the West's military edge has
been - and continues to be - challenged.
The new edition of The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare,
written and updated by a team of nine distinguished military
historians, examines how war was waged by Western powers across a
sweeping timeframe, beginning with classical Greece and Rome,
moving through the Middle Ages and the early modern period, down to
the wars of the twenty-first century in Afghanistan, Iraq, and
Syria. The book stresses five essential aspects of the Western way
of war: a combination of technology, discipline, and an aggressive
military tradition with an extraordinary capacity to respond
rapidly to challenges and to use capital rather than manpower to
win. Although the focus remains on the West, and on the role of
violence in its rise, each chapter also examines the military
effectiveness of its adversaries and the regions in which the
West's military edge has been - and continues to be - challenged.
World War I, the first "total war" in history, set in motion
profound changes in the economies, demographics, and philosophies
of the warring states. In this book, leading experts on the Great
War discuss its causes, character, and legacy. Their writings show
that to study World War I is to encounter not only the dissolution
of the four defeated empires-Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Turkey-but also the collapse of the optimistic assumption of
progress that had defined the nineteenth century. The analysis of
the Great War, in fact, provides an essential framework for our
understanding of the entire twentieth century. The book draws
together military history, international history, and cultural
history to offer a wide-ranging summary of current knowledge and
debate regarding the First World War. Contributors to this volume:
Modris Eksteins, Gerald Feldman, William C. Fuller, Jr., Mary R.
Habeck, Holger H. Herwig, John Horne, Michael Howard, A. S.
Kanya-Forstner, Leonard V. Smith, Zara Steiner, David Stevenson
Well before the Industrial Revolution, Europe developed the superior military potential and expertise that enabled her to dominate the world for the next two centuries. In this attractively illustrated and updated edition, Geoffrey Parker discusses the major changes in the military practice of the West during this time period--establishment of bigger armies, creation of superior warships, the role of firearms--and argues that these major changes amounted to a "military revolution" that gave Westerners a decided advantage over people of other continents. A new chapter addresses the controversies engendered by the previous edition.
The publication of The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road in
1972 marked the birth of the 'new military history', which
emphasized military organization - mobilization, pay, supply,
morale and, above all, logistics - rather than military 'events'
such as sieges and battles. Geoffrey Parker studied one of the
great logistical feats of early modern Europe: how Habsburg Spain
managed to maintain and mobilize the largest army in Europe in an
80-year effort to suppress the Dutch Revolt, at 700 miles'
distance. Using a unique combination of surviving records, he
presented strikingly the logistical problems of fighting wars in
early modern Europe, and demonstrated why Spain failed to suppress
the Dutch Revolt. The book has been constantly cited since its
first publication in English (with translations into Spanish and
Dutch). This revised second edition includes some new sources and
updates some references but otherwise remains faithful to the
original version.
The idea of a dialogue--sometimes harmonious, sometimes divisive--between the center and periphery of the early modern European state stands at the heart of much of John Elliott's historical writing. This collection of essays by a group of Elliott's former students examines different aspects of this important theme and develops them. Taken together with the "personal appreciation" of Elliott (now Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford), it forms an important examination of the work of the greatest living historian of Spain as well as being a major contribution to early modern European history.
What if the Persians had won at Salamis? What if Christ had not
been crucified? What if the Chinese had harnessed steam power
before the West? Disparaged by some as a mere parlor game,
counterfactual history is seen by others as an indispensable
historical tool. Taking as their point of inquiry the debate over
the inevitability of the rise of the West, the eminent scholars in
"Unmaking the West" argue that there is no escaping counterfactual
history. Whenever we make claims of cause and effect, we commit
ourselves to the assumption that if key links in the causal chain
were broken, history would have unfolded otherwise. Likewise,
without counterfactual history we all too easily slip into the
habit of hindsight bias, forgetting, as soon as we learn what
happened, how unpredictable the world looked beforehand, and
closing our minds to all the ways the course might have changed.
This collection is thus both an exploration of alternative
scenarios to world history and an exercise in testing the strengths
and weaknesses of counterfactual experiments.
"If ever there was an argument for the usefulness of counterfactual
history, this admirable, and admirably focused, collection has
convincingly made it."
--Robert Cowley, editor of the What If?TM series
"With chapters ranging from politics to war to religion to
economics and to science and technology, this is the most
thematically wide-ranging collection on counterfactuality. An
intelligent, cutting-edge study with important things to
say."
--Jonathan C. D. Clark, Department of History, University of
Kansas
"This volume is likely to become a standard reference in the
literature on historical methodology, and could have adramatic
impact on the way future generations of historians approach
disciplinary inquiry. . . . By allowing readers to share in the
doubts and epiphanies that lead up to the authors' epistemological
revelations, the volume allows readers to grasp the rich potential
of approaching their own research from a counterfactual
perspective."
--Aaron Belkin, Associate Professor of Political Science,
University of California, Santa Barbara
Philip E. Tetlock is Mitchell Professor, Haas School of Business,
University of California, Berkeley, and author of "Expert Political
Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know?" Richard Ned Lebow is
James O. Freedman Presidential Professor of Government at Dartmouth
College and author of "The Tragic Vision of Politics: Ethics,
Interests and Orders," winner of the Alexander L. George Award for
the best book in political psychology. Geoffrey Parker is Andreas
Dorpalen Professor of History at Ohio State University, a Fellow of
the British Academy, and author of "The Military Revolution:
Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800," winner of
two book prizes.
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