Life isn't easy in the 1860s on the western frontier as the discovery of gold and silver beckons prospectors, and the promise of cheap land attracts ranchers and farmers from the East Coast. It is a time of greed, lawlessness, self-preservation, and opportunity. The wayward Tom Lawson seizes the moment when he discovers a cache of silver near the town of Ribera in southern Arizona, between El Paso and Tucson. When the Lawson family receives word of Tom's silver strike, his brother Ben must decide whether to begin his medical career as planned or assist his brother. Reluctant but enticed, Ben moves from Colorado to Arizona to help his sibling. On the stagecoach ride from El Paso to Ribera, he and the other passengers are robbed. It becomes all too evident that the territory is under constant threat by Indians, renegade discharged Confederate soldiers, and disenfranchised Mexicans. "Gold, Silver, and Guns" follows the stories of Ben and five others who migrate to Ribera seeking adventure and fortune. As they discover that life in this agitated small town may pose challenges and risks far greater than the rewards, they each must weigh the price of what it takes to survive and prosper.

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was one of the greatest scientists of all time, a thinker of extraordinary range and creativity who has left enduring legacies in mathematics and physics. While most famous for his Principia, his work on light and colour, and his discovery of the calculus, Newton devoted much more time to research in chemistry and alchemy, and to studying prophecy, church history and ancient chronology. This new edition of The Cambridge Companion to Newton provides authoritative introductions to these further dimensions of his endeavours as well as to many aspects of his physics. It includes a revised bibliography, a new introduction and six new chapters: three updating previous chapters on Newton's mathematics, his chemistry and alchemy and the reception of his religious views; and three entirely new, on his religion, his ancient chronology and the treatment of continuous and discontinuous forces in his second law of motion.

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was one of the greatest scientists of all time, a thinker of extraordinary range and creativity who has left enduring legacies in mathematics and physics. While most famous for his Principia, his work on light and colour, and his discovery of the calculus, Newton devoted much more time to research in chemistry and alchemy, and to studying prophecy, church history and ancient chronology. This new edition of The Cambridge Companion to Newton provides authoritative introductions to these further dimensions of his endeavours as well as to many aspects of his physics. It includes a revised bibliography, a new introduction and six new chapters: three updating previous chapters on Newton's mathematics, his chemistry and alchemy and the reception of his religious views; and three entirely new, on his religion, his ancient chronology and the treatment of continuous and discontinuous forces in his second law of motion.

Between 1905 and 1913, French physicist Jean Perrin's experiments on Brownian motion ostensibly put a definitive end to the long debate regarding the real existence of molecules, proving the atomic theory of matter. While Perrin's results had a significant impact at the time, later examination of his experiments questioned whether he really gained experimental access to the molecular realm. The experiments were successful in determining the mean kinetic energy of the granules of Brownian motion; however, the values for molecular magnitudes Perrin inferred from them simply presupposed that the granule mean kinetic energy was the same as the mean molecular kinetic energy in the fluid in which the granules move. This stipulation became increasingly questionable in the years between 1908 and 1913, as significantly lower values for these magnitudes were obtained from other experimental results like alpha-particle emissions, ionization, and Planck's blackbody radiation equation. In this case study in the history and philosophy of science, George E. Smith and Raghav Seth here argue that despite doubts, Perrin's measurements were nevertheless exemplars of theory-mediated measurement-the practice of obtaining values for an inaccessible quantity by inferring them from an accessible proxy via theoretical relationships between them. They argue that it was actually Perrin more than any of his contemporaries who championed this approach during the years in question. The practice of theory-mediated measurement in physics had a long history before 1900, but the concerted efforts of Perrin, Rutherford, Millikan, Planck, and their colleagues led to the central role this form of evidence has had in microphysical research ever since. Seth and Smith's study thus replaces an untenable legend with an account that is not only tenable, but more instructive about what the evidence did and did not show.

Life isn't easy in the 1860s on the western frontier as the discovery of gold and silver beckons prospectors, and the promise of cheap land attracts ranchers and farmers from the East Coast. It is a time of greed, lawlessness, self-preservation, and opportunity. The wayward Tom Lawson seizes the moment when he discovers a cache of silver near the town of Ribera in southern Arizona, between El Paso and Tucson. When the Lawson family receives word of Tom's silver strike, his brother Ben must decide whether to begin his medical career as planned or assist his brother. Reluctant but enticed, Ben moves from Colorado to Arizona to help his sibling. On the stagecoach ride from El Paso to Ribera, he and the other passengers are robbed. It becomes all too evident that the territory is under constant threat by Indians, renegade discharged Confederate soldiers, and disenfranchised Mexicans. "Gold, Silver, and Guns" follows the stories of Ben and five others who migrate to Ribera seeking adventure and fortune. As they discover that life in this agitated small town may pose challenges and risks far greater than the rewards, they each must weigh the price of what it takes to survive and prosper.

Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists of all time, a thinker of extraordinary range and creativity who has left enduring legacies in mathematics and the natural sciences. In this volume a team of distinguished contributors examines the principal aspects of Newton's thought. They include not only his approach to space, time, mechanics, and universal gravity in Principia and his research in optics and mathematics, but also his lesser known clandestine investigations into alchemy, theology, and prophecy.