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This volume aims to document the most important worldwide
accomplishments in converging knowledge and technology, including
converging platforms, methods of convergence, societal
implications, and governance in the last ten years. Convergence in
knowledge, technology, and society is the accelerating,
transformative interaction among seemingly distinct scientific
disciplines, technologies, and communities to achieve mutual
compatibility, synergism, and integration, and through this process
to create added value for societal benefit. It is a movement that
is recognized by scientists and thought leaders around the world as
having the potential to provide far-reaching solutions to many of
today's complex knowledge, technology, and human development
challenges. Four essential and interdependent convergence platforms
of human activity are defined in the first part of this report:
nanotechnology-biotechnology-information technology and cognitive
science ("NBIC") foundational tools; Earth-scale environmental
systems; human-scale activities; and convergence methods for
societal-scale activities. The report then presents the main
implications of convergence for human physical potential, cognition
and communication, productivity and societal outcomes, education
and physical infrastructure, sustainability, and innovative and
responsible governance. As a whole, the report presents a new model
for convergence. To effectively take advantage of this potential, a
proactive governance approach is suggested. The study identifies an
international opportunity to develop and apply convergence for
technological, economic, environmental, and societal benefits. The
panel also suggests an opportunity in the United States for
implementing a program aimed at focusing disparate R and D energies
into a coherent activity - a "Societal Convergence Initiative".
This study received input from leading academic, industry,
government, and NGO experts from the United States, Latin America,
Europe, Asia, and Australia.
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