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First of the widely celebrated and sumptuously illustrated series,
this book reveals in intimate detail what life was really like in
the ancient world. Behind the vast panorama of the pagan Roman
empire, the reader discovers the intimate daily lives of citizens
and slaves-from concepts of manhood and sexuality to marriage and
the family, the roles of women, chastity and contraception,
techniques of childbirth, homosexuality, religion, the meaning of
virtue, and the separation of private and public spaces. The
emergence of Christianity in the West and the triumph of Christian
morality with its emphasis on abstinence, celibacy, and austerity
is startlingly contrasted with the profane and undisciplined
private life of the Byzantine Empire. Using illuminating motifs,
the authors weave a rich, colorful fabric ornamented with the
results of new research and the broad interpretations that only
masters of the subject can provide.
Readers interested in history, and in the development of the modern
sensibility, will relish this large-scale yet intimately detailed
examination of the blossoming of the ordinary and extraordinary
people of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. This third in the
popular five-volume series celebrates the emergence of
individualism and the manifestations of a burgeoning
self-consciousness over three centuries.
"Georges Duby in productivity and originality stands at the
forefront of active medievalists in France and in the world. The
present collection contains 15 of his short articles, most but not
all of which appear in English for the first time...Of capital
interest are his several essays that explore the evolution of
nobility, knighthood, the noble family, and the ideals of chivalry
across the central Middle Ages. They are both a summary and the
point of departure of current research into the medieval
aristocracy ...Indispensable."--Choice "[A] valuable collection.
The title is exact. But it is no coffee-table account of courtly
life eked out with colour photos of an author's subsidized holiday.
It is an interlocking series of studies about the structure of
families, the nature of knighthood and nobility, changes of
attitudes towards kinship, and the influence of new clerical ideas
...Duby shows us noble families becoming specifically knightly,
acquiring heritable toponymies, clustering round the patrimony,
emphasizing the male line and the eldest born save when the female
is an heiress, and in the course of time forming a homogeneous
noble class whose members by St. Louis's age, whatever else they
are, are gentilhommes. Passion is not spent, but canalized against
the enemies of Christ. The discrete themes of undergraduate
medieval history are in reality one complex whole: land, wives,
dynasty war, celibacy, vows, pilgrimage, crusade, nobility."--Times
Literary Supplement "Duby's researches in medieval agrarian and
social history have established him as one of the leading
international authorities in those areas. This volume brings
together 15 of his most significant articles. The book represents
the best of 'the new history."'--Library Journal
All the mystery, earthiness and romance of the Middle Ages are
captured in this panorama of everyday life. The evolving concepts
of intimacy are explored--from the semi-obscure eleventh century
through the first stirrings of the Renaissance world in the
fifteenth century. Color and black-and-white illustrations.
The French Revolution opened a whole new stage in the history of
women, despite their conspicuous absence from the playbill. The
coming century would see women's subordination to men codified in
all manner of new laws and rules; and yet the period would also
witness the birth of feminism, the unprecedented emergence of women
as a collective force in the political arena. The fourth volume in
this world-acclaimed series covers the distance between these two
poles, between the French Revolution and World War I. It gives us a
vibrant picture of a bourgeois century, dynamic and expansive, in
which the role of woman in the home was stressed more and more,
even as the economic pressures and opportunities of the industrial
revolution drew her out of the house; in which woman's growing role
in the family as the center of all morals and virtues pressed her
into public service to fight social ills.
This fifth and final volume in an award-winning series charts the
remarkable inner history of our times from the tumult of World War
I to the present day, when personal identity was released from its
moorings in gender, family, social class, religion, politics, and
nationality. Nine brilliant and bold historians present a dynamic
picture of cultures in transition and in the process scrutinize a
myriad of subjects-the sacrament of confession, volunteer hotlines,
Nazi policies toward the family, the baby boom, evolving sexuality,
the history of contraception, and ever-changing dress codes. They
draw upon many unexpected sources, including divorce hearing
transcripts, personal ads, and little-known demographic and
consumer data. Perhaps the most notable pattern to emerge is a
polarizing of public and private realms. Productive labor shifts
from the home to an impersonal public setting. Salaried or
corporate employment replaces many independent, entrepreneurial
jobs, and workers of all kinds aggressively pursue their leisure
time-coffee and lunch breaks, weekends, vacations. Zoning laws
segregate industrial and commercial areas from residential
neighborhoods, which are no longer a supportive "theater" of benign
surveillance, gossip, and mutual concern, but an assemblage of
aloof and anonymous individuals or families. Scattered with
personal possessions and appliances, homes grow large by
yesterday's standards and are marked by elaborate spatial
subdivisions; privacy is now possible even among one's own family.
Men and women are obsessed with health, fitness, diet, and
appearance as the body becomes the focal point of personal
identity. Mirrors, once a rarity, are ubiquitous. In the search for
sexual and individualistic fulfillment, romantic love becomes the
foundation of marriage. Couples marry at an older age; families are
smaller. The divorce rate rises, and with it the number of
single-parent households. Women, entering the workforce in
unprecedented numbers, frequently function as both breadwinner and
homemaker. The authors interrelate these dramatic patterns with the
changing roles of state and religion in family matters, the
socialization of education and elder care, the growth of feminism,
the impact of media on private life, and the nature of secrecy.
Comprehensive and astute, Riddles of Identity in Modern Times
chronicles a period when the differentiation of life into public
and private realms, once a luxury of the wealthy, gradually spread
throughout the population. For better or worse, people can now be
alone. This fifth volume, differing significantly from the French
edition, portrays Italian, German, and American family life in the
twentieth century. The authors of these additional chapters-Chiara
Saraceno, Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, and Elaine Tyler May-enlarge
and enhance the already broad European and Atlantic canvas that
depicts the modern identity.
A sumptuous artistic tribute to the city of lights, this volume
brings Paris to life in paintings that range from the medieval to
the modern.
"Paris is a moveable feast," Ernest Hemingway once proclaimed. The
city of lights, or the city of love, Paris is indeed a feast for
the senses. Paris's rich history has been justly captured by the
many artists sheltered by its garrets and supported by its patrons
for centuries.
Finally the story and grandeur of this beautiful city are revealed
in this luxurious slipcased volume. The 350 full-color
illustrations, including four breathtaking gatefolds, present Paris
from its days as a medieval city on the Ile de la Cite, in the
middle of the Seine River, through the tumultuous days of the
French Revolution, to the "Haussmannization" of Paris, when much of
the city was razed to make way for broad boulevards emanating from
the Arc de Triomphe.
The rich heritage of painting in Paris is broadly represented in
this collection. Home of the Academie des Beaux-Arts, Paris
nurtured generations of French artists and displayed their work in
the Salon. As the Impressionists broke with the authoritarian
standards of the Academy, Parisian art became even more diverse and
increasingly abstract--a trend that continued through the twentieth
century.
"The History of Paris in Painting" honors this celebrated city and
its famous monuments by presenting readers with an artistic feast
that will make anyone fall in love with Paris again and
again.
The nineteenth century was the golden age of private life, a time
when the tentative self-consciousness of the Renaissance and
earlier eras took recognizable form, and the supreme individual,
with a political, scientific, and above all existential value,
emerged. The present book, fourth in the popular series, chronicles
this development from the tumult of the French Revolution to the
outbreak of World War I-a century and a quarter of rapid,
ungovernable change culminating in a conflict that, at a stroke,
altered life in the Western world. Guided by six eminent
historians, we move from the Enlightenment of the eighteenth
century, which conceived of man as a noble creature of reason, into
nineteenth-century Romanticism with its affirmation of
distinctively individual creatures in all their mystery and
impulsiveness, exalting intuition as a mode of knowledge. More and
more, men and women wanted to sleep alone, to be left alone to read
and write, to dress as they pleased, to eat or drink anything they
liked, to consort with and love whomever they fancied. Growing
democracies advanced those wishes to the status of rights,
expanding markets stimulated them, and migration encouraged them.
That new frontier, the city, simultaneously weakened family and
community constraints, spurred personal ambitions, and attenuated
traditional beliefs. The authors dramatize the nineteenth century's
organized effort to stabilize the boundary between public and
private by mooring it to the family, with the father as sovereign.
Such chapters as "The Sweet Delights of Home," "The Family
Triumphant," and "Private Spaces" describe the new domestic ideal
of the private dwelling as a refuge from perils and temptations in
the public arena, the father as benevolent despot, the wife as
contented practitioner of domestic arts, the children as small
versions of adults, equipping themselves to follow in their
parents' righteous footsteps. Particularly in England, the middle
class was central to the formation of this homely standard, which
spread to the working classes through evangelical preaching,
utilitarian writings, and economic changes and improvements that
resulted in a separation of home and workplace. At the same time,
the gentry was transforming castles into country houses, knights
into foxhunters, and landowners into gentleman farmers. The
domesticating process also expressed itself in hygienic practices
(soap, waterclosets, bathtubs), fashions in clothing, and vogues in
sports, courtship, and lovemaking. From the time of the French
Revolution, when private or special interests were looked upon as
shadowy influences likely to foster conspiracy and treason, through
the rapid transformations of the nineteenth century, the authors
reveal the more radical forms of modernity that arrived with the
twentieth century, with its explosions of trade and technology.
Besides the external development of goods and conveniences, the
expanses of the psyche were also being reorganized, bringing a new
openness about sexuality liberated from procreation and marriage.
Feminism, a relatively sporadic movement in the nineteenth century,
became a more persistent force, while young people and the
avant-garde continued to break the rules and push for change as an
end in itself. As always, law lagged behind reality: in practice,
more and more people rebelled against communal and family
discipline. The declaration of war in 1917 put a hold on some of
the flowering of individuality, but the unstoppable trend toward
personality nurtured by private life was only temporarily curbed.
Volume III of A History of Women draws a richly detailed picture of
women in early modern Europe, considering them in a context of
work, marriage, and family. At the heart of this volume is "woman"
as she appears in a wealth of representations, from simple woodcuts
and popular literature to master paintings; and as the focal point
of a debate-sometimes humorous, sometimes acrimonious-conducted in
every field: letters, arts, philosophy, the sciences, and medicine.
Against oppressive experience, confining laws, and repetitious
claims about female "nature," women took initiative by quiet
maneuvers and outright dissidence. In conformity and resistance, in
image and reality, women from the sixteenth through the eighteenth
centuries emerge from these pages in remarkable diversity.
Drawing on myriad sources--from the faint traces left by the
rocking of a cradle at the site of an early medieval home to an
antique illustration of Eve's fall from grace-this second volume in
the celebrated series offers new perspectives on women of the past.
Twelve distinguished historians from many countries examine the
image of women in the masculine mind, their social condition, and
their daily experience from the demise of the Roman Empire to the
genesis of the Italian Renaissance.
More than in any other era, a medieval woman's place in society
was determined by men; her sexuality was perceived as disruptive
and dangerous, her proper realm that of the home and cloister. The
authors draw upon the writings of bishops and abbots, moralists and
merchants, philosophers and legislators, to illuminate how men
controlled women's lives. Sumptuary laws regulating feminine dress
and ornament, pastoral letters admonishing women to keep silent and
remain chaste, and learned treatises with their fantastic theories
about women's physiology are fully explored in these pages. As
adoration of the Virgin Mary reached full flower by the year 1200,
ecclesiastics began to envision motherhood as a holy role;
misogyny, however, flourished unrestrained in local proverbs,
secular verses, and clerical thought throughout the period.
Were women's fates sealed by the dictates of church and
society? The authors investigate legal, economic, and demographic
aspects of family and communal life between the sixth and the
fifteenth centuries and bring to light the fleeting moments in
which women managed to seize some small measure of autonomy over
their lives. The notion that courtly love empowered feudalwomen is
discredited in this volume. The pattern of wear on a hearthstone,
fingerprints on a terra-cotta pot, and artifacts from everyday life
such as scissors, thimbles, spindles, and combs are used to
reconstruct in superb detail the commonplace tasks that shaped
women's existence inside and outside the home. As in antiquity,
male fantasies and fears are evident in art. Yet a growing number
of women rendered visions of their own gender in sumptuous
tapestries and illuminations. The authors look at the surviving
texts of female poets and mystics and document the stirrings of a
quiet revolution throughout the West, as a few daring women began
to preserve their thoughts in writing.
Has the worst of times for humanity--this century bloodied by wars
and revolutions without precedent in history--been the best of
times for women? How have the promises of freedom, parity with men,
full participation in society, actually been met amid all the
transformations and upheavals the twentieth century has witnessed?
This fifth volume in the world-acclaimed series brings the history
of women up to the present, placing it in the context of momentous
events and profound social changes that have marked our time.
Informed by the work of seventy-five distinguished historians, this
five-volume series sets before us an engaging, panoramic chronicle
that extends from antiquity to the present day. The inaugural
volume brings women from the margins of ancient history into the
fore. It offers fresh insight into more than twenty centuries of
Greek and Roman history and encompasses a landscape that stretches
from the North Sea to the Mediterranean and from the Pillars of
Hercules to the banks of the Indus. The authors draw upon a wide
range of sources including gravestones, floor plans, papyrus rolls,
vase paintings, and literary works to illustrate how
representations of women evolved during this age. They journey into
the minds of men and bring to light an imaginative history of women
and of the relations between the sexes.
"Duby presents a fascinating account of medieval marriage among
the aristocracy of northern France, emphasizing the main features
of their marriage strategies, the maintenance of the 'lineage, '
and the making of good marriages." -- "Journal of Ecclesiastical
History."
"The Johns Hopkins Symposia in Comparative History."
The techniques and insights of modern social science are applied to
early medieval history in this extraordinary work. Professor Duby
offers a chronological account of the European economy from its
primitive beginnings, through a period when an extensive trading
community developed, to an era when circulation of money and urban
growth came to overshadow agricultural activities. Drawing on his
extensive knowledge of the history of the countryside, particularly
the French countryside, he has authoritatively identified the
moving forces behind economic behavior and economic growth in the
early Middle Ages.
Preeminent medieval scholar, George Duby, argues that the structure
of sexual relationships took its cue from the family and from
feudalism - both bastions of masculinity - as he reveals the role
of women, what they represent, and what they were in the Middle
Ages. Written in Duby's characteristically nuanced and powerful
style, this collection is an ideal entr e into Duby's thinking
about marriage and the diversities of love, spousal decorum, family
structure, and their cultural context in bodily and spiritual
values. "Love and marriage in the Middle Ages" is intended for
students in social and cultural history, medieval and early modern
history, and women's studies, as well as those interested in the
nature of social life in the Middle Ages.
In this autobiography, Georges Duby looks back on a career that has
led him to be called one of the most distinguished historians in
the Western world. Since its beginning in the 1940s, Duby's career
has been rich and varied, encompassing economic history, social
history, the history of mentalites, art history, microhistory,
urban history, the history of women and sexuality and, most
recently, the Church's influence on feudal society. In retracing
this singular career path, Duby candidly remembers his life's most
formative influences, including the historians Marc Bloch and
Lucien Febvre, the Annales School so closely associated with them,
and the College de France. Duby also offers insights about the
proper methods of gathering and using archival data and on
constructing penetrating interpretations of the documents. Indeed,
his discussion of how he chose his subjects, collected his
materials, developed the arguments, erected the scaffolding and
constructed his theses offers the best introduction to the craft
available to aspiring historians. This book is both a memoir of one
of this century's great scholars and a history of the French
historical school since the mid-20th century. Georges Duby, a
member of the Academie francaise, for many years held the
distinguished chair in medieval history at the College de France.
His numerous books include "The Age of Cathedrals", "The Knight,
the Lady, and the Priest", "Love and Marriage in the Middle Ages"
and "The Three Orders" - all published by the University of Chicago
Press.
In this engaging intellectual autobiography, Georges Duby looks
back on a career that has led him to be called one of the most
distinguished historians in the Western world.
Since its beginning in the 1940s, Duby's career has been rich and
varied, encompassing economic history, social history, the history
of "mentalites," art history, microhistory, urban history, the
history of women and sexuality, and, most recently, the Church's
influence on feudal society. In retracing this singular career
path, Duby candidly remembers his life's most formative influences,
including the legendary historians Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre,
the "Annales" School so closely associated with them, and the
College de France.
Duby also offers insights about the proper methods of gathering and
using archival data and on constructing penetrating interpretations
of the documents. Indeed, his discussion of how he chose his
subjects, collected his materials, developed the arguments, erected
the scaffolding and constructed his theses offers the best
introduction to the craft available to aspiring historians.
Candid and charming, this book is both a memoir of one of this
century's great scholars and a history of the French historical
school since the mid-twentieth century. It will be required reading
for anyone interested in the French academic milieu, medieval
history, French history, or the recording of history in general.
Georges Duby, a member of the Academie francaise, for many years
held the distinguished chair in medieval history at the College de
France. His numerous books include "The Age of Cathedrals"; "The
Knight, the Lady, and the Priest"; "Love and Marriage in the Middle
Ages"; and "TheThree Orders"--all published by the University of
Chicago Press.
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