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Spatial inhomogeneity of heating of fluids in the gravity field is
the cause of all motions in nature: in the atmosphere and the
oceans on Earth, in astrophysical and planetary objects. All
natural objects rotate and convective motions in rotating fluids
are of interest in many geophysical and astrophysical phenomena. In
many industrial applications, too (crystal growth, semiconductor
manufacturing), heating and rotation are the main mechanisms
defining the structure and quality of the material. Depending on
the geometry of the systems and the mutual orientation of
temperature and gravity field, a variety of phenomena will arise in
rotating fluids, such as regular and oscillating waves, intensive
solitary vortices and regular vortex grids, interacting vortices
and turbulent mixing. In this book the authors elucidate the
physical essence of these phenomena, determining and classifying
flow regimes in the space of similarity numbers. The theoretical
and computational results are presented only when the results help
to explain basic qualitative motion characteristics. The book will
be of interest to researchers and graduate students in fluid
mechanics, meteorology, oceanography and astrophysics,
crystallography, heat and mass transfer.
Spatial inhomogeneity of heating of fluids in the gravity field is
the cause of all motions in nature: in the atmosphere and the
oceans on Earth, in astrophysical and planetary objects. All
natural objects rotate and convective motions in rotating fluids
are of interest in many geophysical and astrophysical phenomena. In
many industrial applications, too (crystal growth, semiconductor
manufacturing), heating and rotation are the main mechanisms
defining the structure and quality of the material. Depending on
the geometry of the systems and the mutual orientation of
temperature and gravity field, a variety of phenomena will arise in
rotating fluids, such as regular and oscillating waves, intensive
solitary vortices and regular vortex grids, interacting vortices
and turbulent mixing. In this book the authors elucidate the
physical essence of these phenomena, determining and classifying
flow regimes in the space of similarity numbers. The theoretical
and computational results are presented only when the results help
to explain basic qualitative motion characteristics. The book will
be of interest to researchers and graduate students in fluid
mechanics, meteorology, oceanography and astrophysics,
crystallography, heat and mass transfer.
The necessity of eliminating the possibility of a large-scale
nuclear conflict from the future of mankind is the most important
problem of our times. There is no doubt that the probable
aftereffects of such a conflict would by many times exceed the
damage caused by the First and Second World Wars, the greatest in
history. The question of the scale of the damage that would be
inflicted upon liv ing nature by nuclear weapons has, however, not
yet been fully clarified. It is clear that this damage would not be
local, i.e., restricted to destruction in only the places of
nuclear explosion. As a result of nuclear detonations, the
atmosphere and hydrosphere would receive many harmful substances,
including the radioactive waste products of nuclear reactions.
These substances can be transferred by air flows and water currents
over long distances, thus considerably increasing the area of
harmful influence of nuclear bursts. There is no doubt that the
indirect effects of nuclear warfare would inflict enor mous damage
on mankind, since the present human society can only exist by a
complicated system involving the production of foodstuffs,
manufactured goods, medical supplies, etc. The destruction of even
separate but important links of this system would bring about
starvation, epidemics, and other calamities, which would spread to
areas not directly involved in the nuclear conflict."
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