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This book differs from other introductions to pragmatics in
approaching the problems of interpreting language use in terms of
interpersonal modelling of beliefs and intentions. It is intended
to make issues involved in language understanding, such as speech,
text, and discourse, accessible to the widest group possible -- not
just specialists in linguistics or communication theorists -- but
all scholars and researchers whose enterprises depend on having a
useful model of how communicative agents understand utterances and
expect their own utterances to be understood.
Based on feedback from readers over the past seven years,
explanations in every chapter have been improved and updated in
this thoroughly revised version of the original text published in
1989. The most extensive revisions concern the relevance of
technical notions of mutual and normal belief, and the futility of
using the notion 'null context' to describe meaning. In addition,
the discussion of implicature now includes an extended explication
of "Grice's Cooperative Principle" which attempts to put it in the
context of his theory of meaning and rationality, and to preclude
misinterpretations which it has suffered over the past 20 years.
The revised chapter exploits the notion of normal belief to improve
the account of conversational implicature.
This book differs from other introductions to pragmatics in
approaching the problems of interpreting language use in terms of
interpersonal modelling of beliefs and intentions. It is intended
to make issues involved in language understanding, such as speech,
text, and discourse, accessible to the widest group possible -- not
just specialists in linguistics or communication theorists -- but
all scholars and researchers whose enterprises depend on having a
useful model of how communicative agents understand utterances and
expect their own utterances to be understood.
Based on feedback from readers over the past seven years,
explanations in every chapter have been improved and updated in
this thoroughly revised version of the original text published in
1989. The most extensive revisions concern the relevance of
technical notions of mutual and normal belief, and the futility of
using the notion 'null context' to describe meaning. In addition,
the discussion of implicature now includes an extended explication
of "Grice's Cooperative Principle" which attempts to put it in the
context of his theory of meaning and rationality, and to preclude
misinterpretations which it has suffered over the past 20 years.
The revised chapter exploits the notion of normal belief to improve
the account of conversational implicature.
This book explores a wide variety of theoretically central issues
in the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), a
major theory of syntactic representation, particularly in the
domain of natural language computation. HPSG is a strongly
lexicon-driven theory, like several others on the scene, but unlike
the others it also relies heavily on an explicit assignment of
linguistic objects to membership in a hierarchically organised
network of types, where constraints associated with any given type
are inherited by all of its subtypes. This theoretical architecture
allows HPSG considerable flexibility within the confines of a
highly restrictive, mathematically explicit formalism, requiring no
derivational machinery and invoking only a single level of
syntactic representation. The separate chapters consider a variety
of problematic phenomena in German, Japanese and English and
suggest important extensions of, and revisions to, the picture of
HPSG.
This book explores a wide variety of theoretically central issues
in the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), a
major theory of syntactic representation, particularly in the
domain of natural language computation. HPSG is a strongly
lexicon-driven theory, like several others on the scene, but unlike
the others it also relies heavily on an explicit assignment of
linguistic objects to membership in a hierarchically organised
network of types, where constraints associated with any given type
are inherited by all of its subtypes. This theoretical architecture
allows HPSG considerable flexibility within the confines of a
highly restrictive, mathematically explicit formalism, requiring no
derivational machinery and invoking only a single level of
syntactic representation. The separate chapters consider a variety
of problematic phenomena in German, Japanese and English and
suggest important extensions of, and revisions to, the picture of
HPSG.
"The Practical Guide to Syntactic Analysis" is a resource for
students and practitioners of syntax at all levels, addressing
matters that textbooks do not explain. Relatively independent
sections target issues ranging from the seductive metaphors of
generative grammar and the character of linguistic argumentation to
practical advice about both getting started and presenting
analysis. This second edition adds a reference guide to over sixty
grammatical phenomena that every syntactician should be familiar
with.
This volume is a collection covering the diverse areas of
psycholinguistics, syntax, computational linguistics and phonology.
Abney's paper on Chunks provides an interesting new approach to
phrase structure, motivated by psycholinguist data, something that
is rarely done. Berwick and Fong provide a history of computational
implementations of (Chomskyan) Transformational Grammar. Cole's
phonology paper, arguing from Chamorro and English stress that
cyclicity is not needed in phonology, is also preceded by a
one-and-a-half-page introduction on why this is relevant to
computation. Coleman's contribution summarises work on
computational phonology and describes the York Talk speech
synthesis system. Hirschberg and Sproat's paper describes a system
they have written to assign pitch accent to unrestricted text in an
RT&T text-to-speech system. This is very much applied natural
language processing, but their system represents a more
thorough-going attempt at doing this well than has been previously
attempted, and this appears to be the first write-up of this work.
Johnson and Moss introduce Stratified Feature Grammar, a formal
model of language, inspired by Relational Grammar but formalised by
using and extending tools developed in the unification grammar
community. Finally, Nakazawa extends further Tomita's work so that
computer science LR parsing methods can be applied to natural
language grammars, here feature-based grammars.
This volume is a collection covering the diverse areas of
psycholinguistics, syntax, computational linguistics and phonology.
Abney's paper on Chunks provides an interesting new approach to
phrase structure, motivated by psycholinguist data, something that
is rarely done. Berwick and Fong provide a history of computational
implementations of (Chomskyan) Transformational Grammar. Cole's
phonology paper, arguing from Chamorro and English stress that
cyclicity is not needed in phonology, is also preceded by a
one-and-a-half-page introduction on why this is relevant to
computation. Coleman's contribution summarises work on
computational phonology and describes the York Talk speech
synthesis system. Hirschberg and Sproat's paper describes a system
they have written to assign pitch accent to unrestricted text in an
RT&T text-to-speech system. This is very much applied natural
language processing, but their system represents a more
thorough-going attempt at doing this well than has been previously
attempted, and this appears to be the first write-up of this work.
Johnson and Moss introduce Stratified Feature Grammar, a formal
model of language, inspired by Relational Grammar but formalised by
using and extending tools developed in the unification grammar
community. Finally, Nakazawa extends further Tomita's work so that
computer science LR parsing methods can be applied to natural
language grammars, here feature-based grammars.
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