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This book differs from other introductions to pragmatics in
approaching the problems of interpreting language use in terms of
interpersonal modelling of beliefs and intentions. It is intended
to make issues involved in language understanding, such as speech,
text, and discourse, accessible to the widest group possible -- not
just specialists in linguistics or communication theorists -- but
all scholars and researchers whose enterprises depend on having a
useful model of how communicative agents understand utterances and
expect their own utterances to be understood.
This book differs from other introductions to pragmatics in
approaching the problems of interpreting language use in terms of
interpersonal modelling of beliefs and intentions. It is intended
to make issues involved in language understanding, such as speech,
text, and discourse, accessible to the widest group possible -- not
just specialists in linguistics or communication theorists -- but
all scholars and researchers whose enterprises depend on having a
useful model of how communicative agents understand utterances and
expect their own utterances to be understood.
This book explores a wide variety of theoretically central issues in the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), a major theory of syntactic representation, particularly in the domain of natural language computation. HPSG is a strongly lexicon-driven theory, like several others on the scene, but unlike the others it also relies heavily on an explicit assignment of linguistic objects to membership in a hierarchically organised network of types, where constraints associated with any given type are inherited by all of its subtypes. This theoretical architecture allows HPSG considerable flexibility within the confines of a highly restrictive, mathematically explicit formalism, requiring no derivational machinery and invoking only a single level of syntactic representation. The separate chapters consider a variety of problematic phenomena in German, Japanese and English and suggest important extensions of, and revisions to, the picture of HPSG.
This book explores a wide variety of theoretically central issues in the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), a major theory of syntactic representation, particularly in the domain of natural language computation. HPSG is a strongly lexicon-driven theory, like several others on the scene, but unlike the others it also relies heavily on an explicit assignment of linguistic objects to membership in a hierarchically organised network of types, where constraints associated with any given type are inherited by all of its subtypes. This theoretical architecture allows HPSG considerable flexibility within the confines of a highly restrictive, mathematically explicit formalism, requiring no derivational machinery and invoking only a single level of syntactic representation. The separate chapters consider a variety of problematic phenomena in German, Japanese and English and suggest important extensions of, and revisions to, the picture of HPSG.
This volume is a collection covering the diverse areas of psycholinguistics, syntax, computational linguistics and phonology. Abney's paper on Chunks provides an interesting new approach to phrase structure, motivated by psycholinguist data, something that is rarely done. Berwick and Fong provide a history of computational implementations of (Chomskyan) Transformational Grammar. Cole's phonology paper, arguing from Chamorro and English stress that cyclicity is not needed in phonology, is also preceded by a one-and-a-half-page introduction on why this is relevant to computation. Coleman's contribution summarises work on computational phonology and describes the York Talk speech synthesis system. Hirschberg and Sproat's paper describes a system they have written to assign pitch accent to unrestricted text in an RT&T text-to-speech system. This is very much applied natural language processing, but their system represents a more thorough-going attempt at doing this well than has been previously attempted, and this appears to be the first write-up of this work. Johnson and Moss introduce Stratified Feature Grammar, a formal model of language, inspired by Relational Grammar but formalised by using and extending tools developed in the unification grammar community. Finally, Nakazawa extends further Tomita's work so that computer science LR parsing methods can be applied to natural language grammars, here feature-based grammars.
This volume is a collection covering the diverse areas of psycholinguistics, syntax, computational linguistics and phonology. Abney's paper on Chunks provides an interesting new approach to phrase structure, motivated by psycholinguist data, something that is rarely done. Berwick and Fong provide a history of computational implementations of (Chomskyan) Transformational Grammar. Cole's phonology paper, arguing from Chamorro and English stress that cyclicity is not needed in phonology, is also preceded by a one-and-a-half-page introduction on why this is relevant to computation. Coleman's contribution summarises work on computational phonology and describes the York Talk speech synthesis system. Hirschberg and Sproat's paper describes a system they have written to assign pitch accent to unrestricted text in an RT&T text-to-speech system. This is very much applied natural language processing, but their system represents a more thorough-going attempt at doing this well than has been previously attempted, and this appears to be the first write-up of this work. Johnson and Moss introduce Stratified Feature Grammar, a formal model of language, inspired by Relational Grammar but formalised by using and extending tools developed in the unification grammar community. Finally, Nakazawa extends further Tomita's work so that computer science LR parsing methods can be applied to natural language grammars, here feature-based grammars.
"The Practical Guide to Syntactic Analysis" is a resource for students and practitioners of syntax at all levels, addressing matters that textbooks do not explain. Relatively independent sections target issues ranging from the seductive metaphors of generative grammar and the character of linguistic argumentation to practical advice about both getting started and presenting analysis. This second edition adds a reference guide to over sixty grammatical phenomena that every syntactician should be familiar with.
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