This book, first published in 1981, is an analysis of the Soviet Union's military strategy, taking in both sides of the 'hawks' and 'doves' views of the USSR's intentions. It examines the Soviet approach to nuclear war, defence and deterrence in the nuclear age and the calculation of risk in the use of the military instrument. One of the main themes running through the chapters is that although the Soviet Union clearly does not view military issues in the same way as does the West, their approach is not necessarily aggressive and dangerous in all respects.

This book, first published in 1984, carefully examine the political debate surrounding nuclear weapons and superpower polices in Cold War Western Europe. It seeks to analyse a distinctly European view in Soviet policy, as opposed to a superpower view. It examines Soviet domestic and foreign policy, economic and military practice, with the aim of understanding and countering the Soviet threat to Western Europe.

First Published in 1985, China and the Arms Trade offers a detailed analysis of Chinese arms aid policy to examine Beijing's changing nature of foreign and domestic policy. Military aid, like war, is a continuation of foreign policy by other means. The previous perception of China offering special and selfless military assistance seems no longer accurate. The nature of these Chinese aid now appears more complex and contradictory. China, now like other great powers, take an active role in the lucrative international arms bazaar. As one Chinese official said about his country's more hard-headed arms sales policy, 'we cannot sell at friendship prices all the time'. This book is a must read for scholars and researchers of Chinese foreign policy, strategic studies, Chinese politics, international relations and defence studies.

This book, first published in 1981, is an analysis of the Soviet Union's military strategy, taking in both sides of the 'hawks' and 'doves' views of the USSR's intentions. It examines the Soviet approach to nuclear war, defence and deterrence in the nuclear age and the calculation of risk in the use of the military instrument. One of the main themes running through the chapters is that although the Soviet Union clearly does not view military issues in the same way as does the West, their approach is not necessarily aggressive and dangerous in all respects.

This book, first published in 1984, carefully examine the political debate surrounding nuclear weapons and superpower polices in Cold War Western Europe. It seeks to analyse a distinctly European view in Soviet policy, as opposed to a superpower view. It examines Soviet domestic and foreign policy, economic and military practice, with the aim of understanding and countering the Soviet threat to Western Europe.

The purpose of this book, first published in 1982, is to analyse certain crucial aspects of the great power triangle in order to establish a more complete picture of the role of China in the superpower balance. These essays examine the key political, economic and military issues involved in the complex relations between the three great powers.

This book is concerned with the predicaments of Soviet power in east Asia. It attempts to study Soviet policy not through bilateral relations, but by analysing key issues in the Soviet perspective. The book also attempts to make sense of Soviet-Korean relations.

First published in 1990, The Soviet Union and the Pacific provides comprehensive analysis of Soviet strategy in the Pacific, examining both the successes of, and the constraints on, Soviet policy towards the nations and resources of the Pacific rim. Set against the downfall of the Soviet empire, this policy records a departure from the treatment of the Pacific as an arena only for military competition to an important terrain of Mikhail Gorbachev's foreign policy. This book is designed to serve as an introduction to the role of Soviet Union in the Pacific for undergraduates, scholars, policymakers, and business people.

This book is concerned with the predicaments of Soviet power in east Asia. It attempts to study Soviet policy not through bilateral relations, but by analysing key issues in the Soviet perspective. The book also attempts to make sense of Soviet-Korean relations.

The purpose of this book, first published in 1982, is to analyse certain crucial aspects of the great power triangle in order to establish a more complete picture of the role of China in the superpower balance. These essays examine the key political, economic and military issues involved in the complex relations between the three great powers.

Contents:
Introduction Gerald Segal and David Goodman 1. Financial Reform: The Incomplete Transition Michael Heller 2. Industrial Reform: Insights from the Electronic Sector Michael Hobday 3. Changing Defence Policies Tim Huxley 4. What Happened to 'Asian Values'? Anthony Milner 5. China: Incomplete Reforms Michael Yahuda 6. Japan: From Crisis to Drama Jean Pierre Lehmann 7. Regional Solutions to Regional Problems? Michael Leifer 8. A New Relationship Between the West and Pacific Asia? François Godement 9. Coping With Corruption and Cronyism Peter Searle Bibliography

Attempts to define the Asian Crisis and its future course continue to be hotly contested. Towards Recovery in Pacific Asia deals with financial and industrial reform, defence policies, the 'Asian-Values' debate, corruption and croneyism; as well as China, Japan and intra-regional affairs. Rather than trying to resolve the heated debate about the causes of the crisis, this book reflects on underlying trends to examine the possible paths of recovery. Bringing together experts in the field, Towards Recovery in Pacific Asia suggests that recovery is by no means impossible nor as difficult as might at first have seemed. But it requires political reform, tackling specific economic problems and the international support of the US, European Union and World Bank. There are still causes for concern, such as Indonesia's transition from the Suharto era and political reform in China and, most significantly, Japan. With its highly topical focus on the social, political and economic development of the Asia Pacific region, this book represents a vital, up-to-date analysis for students and researchers in Asian studies, International Relations, International Political Economy, as well as policy makers and professionals working in, or with, Pacific Asia.

Both Europe and the Asia Pacific agree their relationship is important. For many years it has been considered the weakest leg of the trilateral international system with US/Asia Pacific relations at the forefront. In the last few years, however, real efforts have been made to broaden and enhance the ties that bind Europe and Asia. This book is organized into five sections that examine the basic aspects of Europe/Asia Pacific relations. The first covers the historical background, the second is concerned with the contemporary political setting and the third with the vitally important economic situation. The last two parts deal with security considerations and policy initiatives. All have been compiled by experts from both regions. The book is the product of the Council for Asia-Europe cooperation (CAEC), a body of think tanks that supports the Asia-Europe Summit Meeting (ASEM) process.

Both Europe and the Asia Pacific agree their relationship is important. For many years it has been considered the weakest leg of the trilateral international system with US/Asia Pacific relations at the forefront. In the last few years, however, real efforts have been made to broaden and enhance the ties that bind Europe and Asia. This book is organized into five sections that examine the basic aspects of Europe/Asia Pacific relations. The first covers the historical background, the second is concerned with the contemporary political setting and the third with the vitally important economic situation. The last two parts deal with security considerations and policy initiatives. All have been compiled by experts from both regions. The book is the product of the Council for Asia-Europe cooperation (CAEC), a body of think tanks that supports the Asia-Europe Summit Meeting (ASEM) process.

China's dramatic economic growth since the 1970s has seemed inexorable. The resulting rise in international profile has provoked a lively argument regarding the fundamental economic and strategic challenges to the rest of the world that China now presents.
China Rising examines the extent to which that country's future foreign policy stance may be shaped by its own agendas and constrained through interdependence and interaction with the outside world. In the process it also questions the extent to which the rest of the world can attempt to shape that future to non-Chinese interests with any chance of success.
Most debates regarding China's future international position tend to be polarised between those advocating containment and those wishing to see Beijing given a much freer hand. China Rising provides a refreshing alternative to both.

China's dramatic economic growth since the 1970s has seemed inexorable. The resulting rise in international profile has provoked a lively argument regarding the fundamental economic and strategic challenges to the rest of the world that China now presents.
China Rising examines the extent to which that country's future foreign policy stance may be shaped by its own agendas and constrained through interdependence and interaction with the outside world. In the process it also questions the extent to which the rest of the world can attempt to shape that future to non-Chinese interests with any chance of success.
Most debates regarding China's future international position tend to be polarised between those advocating containment and those wishing to see Beijing given a much freer hand. China Rising provides a refreshing alternative to both.

"Chinese Economic Reform" looks beyond the recent economic success of China, by focusing specifically on the pivotal role of the People's Liberation Army in the economy as a means of consolidating its power. The contributors address a wide range of topics, including the PLA's business activities, military industry and conversion, and arms sales. China's relationship with the rest of the world is evaluated in the context of this situation and the implications for her defence policy outlined. This is the first book to carefully examine the economic reform on defence and includes a controversial and fascinating chapter on the staggering corruption in the army.

This study is the result of a four-year project led by a team at the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Focusing on three East Asian and three East European states - the former Soviet Union, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, China, Vietnam and the People's Democratic Republic of Korea - it looks at why and how communist states reform their foreign policy as they open to the outside world. It also aims to cast light on the broader question of the linkage of domestic and foreign policies and to examine ways in which states can cope with increased international interdependence. The book looks in detail at the different kinds of reforms implemented by European and Asian communists. It attempts to explain why some communist regimes collapsed and why, since the European revolutions of 1989-1991, the rule of communist parties has been confined largely to Asia.

China has experienced the world's fastest economic growth for over a decade. It is likely that within a generation, China will have the world's largest economy. Yet, at the moment when China looks set to regain its former power, serious questions have to be asked about the continuing integrity of China. The challenges posed by economic reform, succession politics, and new forces of political liberalism are compounded by boundary uncertainties, as China adopts a strategy of greater interdependence with the regional and global economy. This work analyzes the factors that might lead to and that might prevent the break-up of China. It provides key data about economic activity and external connections of the major regional forces. The analysis should interest those concerned with the prospects for China and the future stability of East Asia.

If one reflects upon the range of chemical problems accessible to the current quantum theoretical methods for calculations on the electronic structure of molecules, one is immediately struck by the rather narrow limits imposed by economic and numerical feasibility. Most of the systems with which experimental photochemists actually work are beyond the grasp of ab initio methods due to the presence of a few reasonably large aromatic ring systems. Potential energy surfaces for all but the smallest molecules are extremely expensive to produce, even over a restricted group of the possible degrees of freedom, and molecules containing the higher elements of the periodic table remain virtually untouched due to the large numbers of electrons involved. Almost the entire class of molecules of real biological interest is simply out of the question. In general, the theoretician is reduced to model systems of variable appositeness in most of these fields. The fundamental problem, from a basic computational point of view, is that large molecules require large numbers of basis functions, whether Slater type orbitals or Gaussian functions suitably contracted, to provide even a modestly accurate description of the molecular electronic environment. This leads to the necessity of dealing with very large matrices and numbers of integrals within the Hartree-Fock approximation and quickly becomes both numerically difficult and uneconomic."

If one reflects upon the range of chemical problems accessible to the current quantum theoretical methods for calculations on the electronic structure of molecules, one is immediately struck by the rather narrow limits imposed by economic and numerical feasibility. Most of the systems with which experimental photochemists actually work are beyond the grasp of ab initio methods due to the presence of a few reasonably large aromatic ring systems. Potential energy surfaces for all but the smallest molecules are extremely expensive to produce, even over a restricted group of the possible degrees of freedom, and molecules containing the higher elements of the periodic table remain virtually untouched due to the large numbers of electrons involved. Almost the entire class of molecules of real biological interest is simply out of the question. In general, the theoretician is reduced to model systems of variable appositeness in most of these fields. The fundamental problem, from a basic computational point of view, is that large molecules require large numbers of basis functions, whether Slater type orbitals or Gaussian functions suitably contracted, to provide even a modestly accurate description of the molecular electronic environment. This leads to the necessity of dealing with very large matrices and numbers of integrals within the Hartree-Fock approximation and quickly becomes both numerically difficult and uneconomic."

This study attempts to bring the debate about nuclear weapons and arms control up to date by assessing the reasons for the recent superpower agreement, the decline of the peace movements, the new threats to international stability and the prospects for further detente.;The optimism of the first edition about an eventual return to arms control has been vindicated by events, but its pessimism about the deeply-rooted nature of superpower confrontation remains and the assessment is retained that the nuclear knot remains firmly tied.