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This book examines the connection between religion and violence in
the Western traditions of the three Abrahamic faiths, from ancient
to modern times. It addresses a gap in the scholarly debate on the
nature of religious violence by bringing scholars that specialize
in pre-modern religions and scriptural traditions into the same
sphere of discussion as those specializing in contemporary
manifestations of religious violence. Moving beyond the question of
the "authenticity" of religious violence, this book brings together
scholars from a variety of disciplines. Contributors explore the
central role that religious texts have played in encouraging, as
well as confronting, violence. The interdisciplinary conversation
that takes place challenges assumptions that religious violence is
a modern problem that can be fully understood without reference to
religious scriptures, beliefs, or history. Each chapter focuses its
analysis on a particular case study from a distinct historical
period. Taken as a whole, these chapters attest to the persistent
relationship between religion and violence that links the ancient
and contemporary worlds. This is a dynamic collection of
explorations into how religion and violence intersect. As such, it
will be a key resource for any scholar of Religious Studies,
Theology and Religion and Violence, as well as Christian, Jewish,
and Islamic Studies.
The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha addresses the Old Testament
Apocrypha, known to be important early Jewish texts that have
become deutero-canonical for some Christian churches, non-canonical
for other churches, and that are of lasting cultural significance.
In addition to the place given to the classical literary,
historical, and tradition-historical introductory questions, essays
focus on the major social and theological themes of each individual
book. With contributions from leading scholars from around the
world, the Handbook acts as an authoritative reference work on the
current state of Apocrypha research, and at the same time carves
out future directions of study. This Handbook offers an overview of
the various Apocrypha and relevant topics related to them by
presenting updated research on each individual apocryphal text in
historical context, from the late Persian and early Hellenistic
periods to the early Roman era. The essays provided here examine
the place of the Apocrypha in the context of Early Judaism, the
relationship between the Apocrypha and texts that came to be
canonized, the relationship between the Apocrypha and the
Septuagint, Qumran, the Pseudepigrapha, and the New Testament, as
well as their reception history in the Western world. Several
chapters address overarching themes, such as genre and historicity,
Jewish practices and beliefs, theology and ethics, gender and the
role of women, and sexual ethics.
Leading international contributors on biblical texts, including the
New Testament and the Dead Sea Scrolls, intersect with the work of
James H. Charlesworth and examine Charlesworth's vast contribution
to the field of biblical studies, honoring the work of one of the
most significant biblical scholars of his generation. Divided into
five sections, this volume begins with a section on the Hebrew
Bible and the New Testament texts, with particular focus on the
Gospel of John and Jesus studies. The contexts of these texts are
considered, with a focus on the Greco-Roman and Jewish worlds, and
the varying intersections between texts and the worlds that created
them. The contributors then focus on the most significant body of
Charlesworth's work, the apocrypha/pseudepigrapha and the Dead Sea
Scrolls, and the journey concludes with an assessment of the
history of scholarship on the core areas addressed across the book.
This book presents a synthesis of Gerbern Oegema's extensive
research on apocalypticism and Biblical interpretation. Oegema
works with the hypothesis that apocalypticism was a major current
and mindset from the beginning of the Second Temple period, through
Enochic literature, the Qumran Scrolls and the New Testament into
Late Antiquity, shaping many inner-Jewish traditions and those
emerging from Early Judaism, namely the Early Church and Rabbinic
Judaism.
The topics and texts dealt with range from prophecy and
apocalypticism in Second Temple Judaism, messianic expectations in
the Qumran writings, the apocalyptic interpretation of the
Patriarchs in 4QPatriarchal Blessings (4Q252), the 'Coming of the
Righteous One' in 1 Enoch, Qumran and the New Testament, to the
historical Jesus between Early Judaism and Early Christianity.
In the Seminar "The Pseudepigrapha and Christian Origins of the
Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas," chaired from 2000 to 2006 by
Professors James H. Charlesworth (Princeton) and Gerbern S. Oegema
(McGill), the relation between the Pseudepigrapha and the New
Testament has been discussed systematically and intensively in a
way never seen before. The seminar and its participants have
focused on the use, adaptation, reinterpretation and further
development of non-canonical traditions in the canonical writings
of Early Christianity.The Pseudepigrapha investigated included the
Old Testament ones and those found in the Qumran as well as the
Pseudepigrapha of the New Testament and the ones used in the Early
Church. The seminar and its participants, who were all internally
renowned experts from around the world, have focused on the use,
adaptation, reinterpretation and further development of
non-canonical traditions (except for Philo, Josephus, the Essene
and early Rabbinic writings) in the canonical writings of Early
Christianity. The seminar has met in total five times in various
locations, while systematically being arranged around the following
topics: The Pseudepigrapha and the Synoptic Gospels, the "Gospel of
John", the "Epistles of Paul", the Other New Testament Writings,
and the "Revelation of John".This series focuses on early Jewish
and Christian texts and their formative contexts also includes
sourcebooks that help clarify the ancient world. Five aspects
distinguish this series. First, the series reflects the need to
situate, and to seek to understand, these ancient texts within
their originating social and historical contexts. Second, the
series assumes that it is now often difficult to distinguish
between Jewish and Christian documents, since all early
'Christians' were Jews. Jesus and his earliest followers were
devout Jews who shared many ideas with the well-known Jewish
groups, especially the Pharisees, the Essenes, and the various
apocalyptic groups.Third, the series recognizes that there were
(and still are) many ways of understanding authoritative literature
or scripture. Therefore, we must not impose a static notion of
'canon' on the early period of our culture and in turn denigrate
some texts with labels such as 'non-canonical', since such terms
are anachronistic designations that were only later imposed on the
early documents. Fourth, the series emphasizes the need to include
all relevant sources and documents, including non-literary data,
and that all important methodologies - from archaeology and
sociology to rhetoric and theology - should be employed to clarify
the origin and meaning of the documents. Fifth, scientific research
is at the foundation of these publications which are directed to
scholars and those interested in Jewish and Christian origins.
Leading international contributors on biblical texts, including the
New Testament and the Dead Sea Scrolls, intersect with the work of
James H. Charlesworth and examine Charlesworth's vast contribution
to the field of biblical studies, honoring the work of one of the
most significant biblical scholars of his generation. Divided into
five sections, this volume begins with a section on the Hebrew
Bible and the New Testament texts, with particular focus on the
Gospel of John and Jesus studies. The contexts of these texts are
considered, with a focus on the Greco-Roman and Jewish worlds, and
the varying intersections between texts and the worlds that created
them. The contributors then focus on the most significant body of
Charlesworth's work, the apocrypha/pseudepigrapha and the Dead Sea
Scrolls, and the journey concludes with an assessment of the
history of scholarship on the core areas addressed across the book.
The study of early Judaism and early Christianity has been
revolutionised by new evidence from a host of sources: the Dead Sea
Scrolls, the Pseudepigrapha, the New Testament Apocrypha, the Nag
Hammadi writings and related texts, and new papyrus and amulet
discoveries. Now scholars have entered the "next generation" of
scholarship, where these bodies of evidence are appreciated in
conversation with each other and within the contexts of the wider
Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman cultures from the fourth century
BCE to the fourth century CE. This volume features chapters from
leading scholars who approach the study of early Judaism and early
Christianity from this synthetic approach. The chapters engage in
an inter-generational and international dialogue among the past,
present and future generations of scholars, and also among
European, North-American, African and South-American scholars and
their various methodologies and approaches -- linguistic,
historical or comparative. Among the chapters are contributions by
Professors James Charlesworth (Princeton), Andre Gagne (Concordia)
and Loren Stuckenbruck (Munich), as well as papers from researchers
from North America, Europe, South America and Africa.
Ancient literature was generally written by and produced for elite
men. That fact creates specific challenges to modern interpreters
of gender roles in the ancient world, especially once contemporary
understandings of gender as construction and performance are
embraced. In Gender and Second-Temple Judaism, world-renowned
scholars take on these challenges with regard to ancient Judaism
(here including early Christianity and early rabbinic Judaism as
well), at once examining the ancient evidence and quite consciously
addressing difficult methodological questions regarding gender.
Taken together, these chapters further complicate discussions of
the construction of identity (e.g., "who is a Jew?") by inflecting
them with questions of gender construction as well. Scholars of
ancient Judaism and of gender alike will find much to grapple with
in these pages.
This book presents a synthesis of Gerbern Oegema's extensive
research on apocalypticism and Biblical interpretation. Oegema
works with the hypothesis that apocalypticism was a major current
and mindset from the beginning of the Second Temple period, through
Enochic literature, the Qumran Scrolls and the New Testament into
Late Antiquity, shaping many inner-Jewish traditions and those
emerging from Early Judaism, namely the Early Church and Rabbinic
Judaism. The topics and texts dealt with range from prophecy and
apocalypticism in Second Temple Judaism, messianic expectations in
the Qumran writings, the apocalyptic interpretation of the
Patriarchs in 4QPatriarchal Blessings (4Q252), the 'Coming of the
Righteous One' in 1 Enoch, Qumran and the New Testament, to the
historical Jesus between Early Judaism and Early Christianity.
In the Seminar "The Pseudepigrapha and Christian Origins" of the
"Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas", chaired from 2000 to 2006 by
Professors James H. Charlesworth (Princeton) and Gerbern S. Oegema
(McGill), the relation between the Pseudepigrapha and the New
Testament has been discussed systematically and intensively in a
way never seen before. The Pseudepigrapha investigated included the
Old Testament ones and those found in the Qumran as well as the
Pseudepigrapha of the New Testament and the ones used in
theEarlyChurch. The seminar and its participants, who were all
internally renowned experts from around the world, have focused on
the use, adaptation, reinterpretation and further development of
non-canonical traditions (except for Philo, Josephus, the Essene
and early Rabbinic writings) in the canonical writings of Early
Christianity. The seminar has met in total five times in various
locations, while systematically being arranged around the following
topics: The Pseudepigrapha and the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of
John, the Epistles of Paul, the Other New Testament Writings, and
the Revelation of John.
Ancient literature was generally written by and produced for elite
men. That fact creates specific challenges to modern interpreters
of gender roles in the ancient world, especially once contemporary
understandings of gender as construction and performance are
embraced. In Gender and Second-Temple Judaism, world-renowned
scholars take on these challenges with regard to ancient Judaism
(here including early Christianity and early rabbinic Judaism as
well), at once examining the ancient evidence and quite consciously
addressing difficult methodological questions regarding gender.
Taken together, these chapters further complicate discussions of
the construction of identity (e.g., "who is a Jew?") by inflecting
them with questions of gender construction as well. Scholars of
ancient Judaism and of gender alike will find much to grapple with
in these pages.
The study of early Judaism and early Christianity has been
revolutionised by new evidence from a host of sources: the Dead Sea
Scrolls, the Pseudepigrapha, the New Testament Apocrypha, the Nag
Hammadi writings and related texts, and new papyrus and amulet
discoveries. Now scholars have entered the "next generation" of
scholarship, where these bodies of evidence are appreciated in
conversation with each other and within the contexts of the wider
Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman cultures from the fourth century
BCE to the fourth century CE. This volume features chapters from
leading scholars who approach the study of early Judaism and early
Christianity from this synthetic approach. The chapters engage in
an inter-generational and international dialogue among the past,
present and future generations of scholars, and also among
European, North-American, African and South-American scholars and
their various methodologies and approaches -- linguistic,
historical or comparative. Among the chapters are contributions by
Professors James Charlesworth (Princeton), Andre Gagne (Concordia)
and Loren Stuckenbruck (Munich), as well as papers from researchers
from North America, Europe, South America and Africa.
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