The twelfth conference of the European Federation of the National Institutions of Language (EFNIL) at the Accademia della Crusca dealt with the increasing tendency to use English as the language of academic instruction and research in Europe. This development can be seen as progress in international scientific communication at the cost of all languages other than English. The volume presents general reflections, reports and discussions on the linguistic situation at the universities of various European countries, some with a historical perspective. As a conclusion it offers a "Resolution of Florence concerning Language Use in University Teaching and Research" in the 26 official languages of most member states of the European Union and other European countries.

The tenth EFNIL conference investigated the different ways in which people in Europe access lexical information - both in their own language and in other languages - and how governments, language institutions, publishers, and others go about the business of compiling and disseminating this lexical information. In this volume, general reflections by several experts on the history, the present state and new developments of lexicography in Europe are presented, followed by reports on special lexicographic projects in several European countries. The Budapest Resolution of EFNIL on the Lexical Challenges in Multilingual Europe offered in the official languages of most of the member states of the European Union and other European countries concludes the book.

The European Union has conceived itself as multilingual since its beginning in 1956. EFNIL, the network of the central language institutions of all states of the Union and several other European countries, promotes the enhancement of individual plurilingualism of the people in Europe as an important prerequisite for European multilingualism. The EFNIL conference hosted 2011 by the British Council in London was devoted to the discussion of how individual plurilingualism is being achieved by language education in Europe. In this volume, several general reflections on the main topic are followed by a critical discussion of present language instruction in the United Kingdom and reports on foreign language education in various other countries. Reports on four current projects that aim to describe the present linguistic diversity of Europe follow. A detailed interim report on the results of one of these projects (ELM) concludes the book.

The development of smaller and more powerful computers and the introduction of new communication channels by the interlinking of computers, by the Internet and the World Wide Web, have caused great changes for linguistics. They affect the methods in the various disciplines of pure linguistics as well as the tools and ways of applied linguistics such as translation and interpretation, language teaching, learning, and testing. This volume presents general reflections and overview articles on these new developments by noted experts followed by reports on the concrete uses of information technologies for linguistic purposes in different European countries and at the European Parliament. A discussion of another important linguistic issue is added: the various uses of the highly symbolic term national language.

The linguistic domains of business and commerce are especially affected by the economic and communicative globalization. Since language use in these domains has an impact on the use of a language in other domains, the future development of the European languages will not mainly depend on language-internal processes, but will increasingly be influenced by the use of English as the international vehicular language. The present development in Europe is discussed in several overview articles and a series of reports on the specific situation in various European countries. In addition, the Lisbon Resolution of EFNIL, pointing at the advantages of multilingualism in international business, is presented in 26 languages including the 23 official languages of the European Union. It calls the EU and its members to acknowledge languages as key factors for economic success, also from the perspective of consumers and workers.

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Juni 1969 der Philosophischen Fakultat der Uni versitat Kiel vorgelegt und wurde im Herbst des gleichen Jahres von der Fakultat als Doktordissertation akzeptiert. Fur eingehende und fordernde Kritik bin ich Herrn Professor Dr. W. Winter (Kiel) zu Dank verpflichtet. Ihm und den Herren Dr. W. Boeder (Hamburg) und Dr.J. Meyer-Ingwersen (Kiel) verdanke ich eine Reihe von nutzlichen Hinweisen und Vorschlagen vor allem zu den in Kapitel 7. behan delten 'Problemen der Syntax der Negation'. Fehler und Fehlschlusse gehen selbst verstandlich auf mein eigenes Konto. Herrn Professor Dr. P. Hartmann danke ich fur die Aufnahme der Arbeit in die von ihm herausgegebene Schriftenreihe. Es gilt im allgemeinen als Vorteil, wenn ein Linguist die eigene Sprache zum Gegen stand seiner Untersuchung macht, da er in diesem Fall sich selbst als Informanten benutzen kann. Trotz dieses Vorteils sah ich mich bei einer Vielzahl von Problem satzen gezwungen, Freunde und Bekannte mit der Frage, Kann man das wirklich sagen? " zu plagen. Ihnen allen danke ich fur ihre Bereitwilligkeit und Geduld. Um die Darstellung moglichst 'flussig' zu halten, wurde ein Teil der Auseinander setzung mit der Literatur in Anmerkungen verlegt. Fussnoten schaffen kein ge falliges Textbild. Ich hielt es jedoch fiir sinnvoller, die Anmerkungen in der Nahe ihrer Bezugsstellen unterzubringen, als im Anhang, wo sie den Leser nur zu stan digem Hin-und Herblattern gezwungen hatten."