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In the 1990s, labour productivity growth accelerated in the United
States, yet slowed down in other industrialised countries,
reversing a three decade long tendency of convergence. The book
explores this phenomenon. It first identifies the methodological
and statistical problems involved in measuring productivity and
making cross-country comparisons in this area. Then the role of
factor accumulation for the diverging trends across the OECD world,
with a particular focus on the dispersion of information and
communication technology (ICT), is reviewed. In-depth studies of
single countries provide further insights regarding growth trends
in the United States, Japan, Germany, and France. Finally,
empirical investigations regarding the determinants of productivity
growth at an international level complement the analyses. The
results stress that public infrastructure and education, employment
rates and working hours, and ICT spending play an important role in
explaining the existing differences in levels and changes of
productivity. This comprehensive book, on recent research regarding
international gaps in productivity growth, will be of great
interest to policy advisors and academics, political
decision-makers and students of economics, business administration,
international business and international policy.
Edmond Malinvaud This book provides a most welcome survey of what
statisticians and economists know about an aspect of production
that is difficult to precisely characterize but matters a lot for
both its importance on economic performance and its social
implications. That such a survey is timely cannot be
overemphasized; the point is well argued in the introduction to the
book, which shows how discussions of the last decades stressed the
importance of capital operating time as an economic variable in a
series of distinct but interrelated topics, from growth theory to
employment policies. Nowadays still more than ever in the past,
production not only requires capital as well as labour but also
depends on varied and complex forms of work organization, which tie
more or less closely to one another the uses of the two main
factors. In industry and services labour needs many pieces of
capital for efficient production, some operating permanently others
assisting when needed. Many, even among the most modem equipments,
cannot well function without constant guidance or control by human
labour. The cost of interrupting some industrial processes is so
high as to impose continuous operation. The timing for the
provision of many services has to be patterned in accordance with
the rhythms of activities or requirements of those demanding these
services, and so on. This interplay is so complex that its
particularities were, and still are most often, fully neglected in
statistical information and in economic analysis.
This volume is the second book based on comparative and
comprehensive data from the 2003 representative European Union
Company survey of Operating hours, Working times and Employment
(EUCOWE) in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and
the United Kingdom. The EUCOWE project is the first representative
and standardised European company survey which covers all
categories of firm sizes and all sectors of the economy. This
volume complements and builds on the first book published in 2007,
in which the methodology and the descriptive national findings as
well as some first comparative analytical results were presented.
In this second book the EUCOWE research team presents in-depth
cross-country analyses of the relationship between operating hours,
working times and employment in the European Union. Six empirical
chapters of this volume provide detailed comparative analyses of
the determinants and consequences of the duration and flexibility
of opening hours and operating times.
This volume is the second book based on comparative and
comprehensive data from the 2003 representative European Union
Company survey of Operating hours, Working times and Employment
(EUCOWE) in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and
the United Kingdom. The EUCOWE project is the first representative
and standardised European company survey which covers all
categories of firm sizes and all sectors of the economy. This
volume complements and builds on the first book published in 2007,
in which the methodology and the descriptive national findings as
well as some first comparative analytical results were presented.
In this second book the EUCOWE research team presents in-depth
cross-country analyses of the relationship between operating hours,
working times and employment in the European Union. Six empirical
chapters of this volume provide detailed comparative analyses of
the determinants and consequences of the duration and flexibility
of opening hours and operating times.
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