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In this brief, the authors explore and review the current knowledge
regarding the role of molybdenum in the evolution of biological
systems and their interaction with biogeochemical cycles. Special
emphasis is placed on biological nitrogen fixation and the nitrogen
element cycle. The origin and evolution of molybdenum cofactor
biosynthetic pathways as well as the evolutionary significance of
molybdenum containing enzymes appearance is analyzed. Original data
regarding nitrogen fixation pathways and related enzymes molecular
evolution processes is presented. The trace element molybdenum is
essential for nearly all organisms and forms the catalytic center
of a large variety of enzymes such as nitrogenase, nitrate
reductases, sulphite oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductases.
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