The depth and breadth of a mathematics teacher's understanding of mathematics matter most as the teacher engages in the daily work of teaching. One of the major challenges to teachers is to be ready to draw on the relevant mathematical ideas from different areas of the school curriculum and from their postsecondary mathematics experiences that can be helpful in explaining ideas to students, making instructional decisions, creating examples, and engaging in other aspects of their daily work. Being mathematically ready and confident requires teachers to engage in ongoing professional learning that helps them to connect mathematics to events like those they live on a daily basis. The purpose of this volume is to provide teachers, teacher educators, and other facilitators of professional learning opportunities with examples of authentic events and tools for discussing those events in professional learning settings. The work shared in Facilitator's Guidebook for Use of Mathematics Situations in Professional Learning (Guidebook) resulted from a collaborative effort of school mathematics supervisors and university mathematics educators. The collaborators joined their varied experiences as teachers, coaches, supervisors, teacher educators, and researchers to suggest ways to scaffold activities, encourage discussion, and instigate reflection with teacher-participants of differing mathematics backgrounds and with varying teaching assignments. Each guide has ideas for engaging and furthering mathematical thought across a range of facilitator and participant mathematics backgrounds and draws on the collaborators' uses of the Situations with in-service and prospective teachers. The events and mathematical ideas connected to each event come from Situations in Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching: A Framework and Classroom- Based Situations. A Situation is a description of a classroom-related event and the mathematics related to it. For each of six Situations, school and university collaborators developed a facilitator's guide that presents ideas and options for engaging teachers with the event and the mathematical ideas. The Guidebook also contains suggestions for how teachers and others might develop new Situations based on events from their own classrooms as a form of professional learning. Both teacher educators and school-based facilitators can use this volume to structure sessions and inspire ideas for professional learning activities that are rooted in the daily work of mathematics teachers and students.

The depth and breadth of a mathematics teacher's understanding of mathematics matter most as the teacher engages in the daily work of teaching. One of the major challenges to teachers is to be ready to draw on the relevant mathematical ideas from different areas of the school curriculum and from their postsecondary mathematics experiences that can be helpful in explaining ideas to students, making instructional decisions, creating examples, and engaging in other aspects of their daily work. Being mathematically ready and confident requires teachers to engage in ongoing professional learning that helps them to connect mathematics to events like those they live on a daily basis. The purpose of this volume is to provide teachers, teacher educators, and other facilitators of professional learning opportunities with examples of authentic events and tools for discussing those events in professional learning settings. The work shared in Facilitator's Guidebook for Use of Mathematics Situations in Professional Learning (Guidebook) resulted from a collaborative effort of school mathematics supervisors and university mathematics educators. The collaborators joined their varied experiences as teachers, coaches, supervisors, teacher educators, and researchers to suggest ways to scaffold activities, encourage discussion, and instigate reflection with teacher-participants of differing mathematics backgrounds and with varying teaching assignments. Each guide has ideas for engaging and furthering mathematical thought across a range of facilitator and participant mathematics backgrounds and draws on the collaborators' uses of the Situations with in-service and prospective teachers. The events and mathematical ideas connected to each event come from Situations in Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching: A Framework and Classroom- Based Situations. A Situation is a description of a classroom-related event and the mathematics related to it. For each of six Situations, school and university collaborators developed a facilitator's guide that presents ideas and options for engaging teachers with the event and the mathematical ideas. The Guidebook also contains suggestions for how teachers and others might develop new Situations based on events from their own classrooms as a form of professional learning. Both teacher educators and school-based facilitators can use this volume to structure sessions and inspire ideas for professional learning activities that are rooted in the daily work of mathematics teachers and students.

A perennial discussion about teacher development is the optimal content background for teachers. In recent years, that discussion has taken center stage in the work of mathematics education researchers, mathematicians, mathematics professional developers, and mathematics education policymakers. Much of the existing and prior work in this area has been directed toward mathematical knowledge for teaching at the elementary level. The work described in this volume takes a sometimes-neglected approach, focusing on the dynamic nature of mathematical understanding rather than on a stable description of mathematical knowledge, and on mathematics for secondary teaching rather than mathematics for teaching at the elementary level. The work reported in Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching: A Framework and Classroom-Based Situations is a practice-based response to the question of what mathematical understandings secondary teachers could productively use in their teaching. For each of more than 50 events, our team of almost 50 mathematics educators who were experienced mathematics teachers developed descriptions of the mathematics that teachers could use-each of those descriptions (consisting of the event and the mathematics related to the event) is what we call a Situation. We developed our Framework for Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching (MUST) based on an analysis of our entire set of Situations. We call the work practice-based because the MUST framework is based on actual events that we witnessed in our observations of secondary mathematics practice. Groups of mathematics teachers can use this volume to enhance their own understandings of secondary mathematics. School leaders and professional developers in secondary mathematics will find our MUST Framework and Situations useful as they work with teachers in enhancing and deepening their understanding of secondary mathematics. Mathematics teacher educators and mathematicians who teach mathematics to prospective and in-service secondary teachers will be able to couch their mathematical discussions in the Situations-examples that arise from secondary mathematics classrooms. They will be able to use this volume as they design courses and programs that enhance mathematics from the perspectives identified in the MUST framework. Policymakers and researchers can use our MUST framework as they consider the mathematics background needed by teachers.

A perennial discussion about teacher development is the optimal content background for teachers. In recent years, that discussion has taken center stage in the work of mathematics education researchers, mathematicians, mathematics professional developers, and mathematics education policymakers. Much of the existing and prior work in this area has been directed toward mathematical knowledge for teaching at the elementary level. The work described in this volume takes a sometimes-neglected approach, focusing on the dynamic nature of mathematical understanding rather than on a stable description of mathematical knowledge, and on mathematics for secondary teaching rather than mathematics for teaching at the elementary level. The work reported in Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching: A Framework and Classroom-Based Situations is a practice-based response to the question of what mathematical understandings secondary teachers could productively use in their teaching. For each of more than 50 events, our team of almost 50 mathematics educators who were experienced mathematics teachers developed descriptions of the mathematics that teachers could use-each of those descriptions (consisting of the event and the mathematics related to the event) is what we call a Situation. We developed our Framework for Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching (MUST) based on an analysis of our entire set of Situations. We call the work practice-based because the MUST framework is based on actual events that we witnessed in our observations of secondary mathematics practice. Groups of mathematics teachers can use this volume to enhance their own understandings of secondary mathematics. School leaders and professional developers in secondary mathematics will find our MUST Framework and Situations useful as they work with teachers in enhancing and deepening their understanding of secondary mathematics. Mathematics teacher educators and mathematicians who teach mathematics to prospective and in-service secondary teachers will be able to couch their mathematical discussions in the Situations-examples that arise from secondary mathematics classrooms. They will be able to use this volume as they design courses and programs that enhance mathematics from the perspectives identified in the MUST framework. Policymakers and researchers can use our MUST framework as they consider the mathematics background needed by teachers.

A volume in Research on Technology and the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: Syntheses, Cases, and Perspectives According to NCTM's Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, "Technology is essential in teaching and learning of mathematics; it influences the mathematics that is taught and it enhances students' learning." How does research inform this clarion call for technology in mathematics teaching and learning? In response to the need to craft appropriate roles for technology in school mathematics new technological approaches have been applied to the teaching and learning of mathematics, and these approaches have been examined by researchers world-wide. The second volume has a dual focus: cases and perspectives. It features descriptive cases that provide accounts of the development of technology-intensive curriculum and tools. In these cases the writers describe and analyze various roles that research played in their development work and ways in which research, curriculum development, and tool development can inform each other. These thoughtful descriptions and analyses provide documentation of how this process can and does occur. The remaining chapters in the second volume address research-related issues and perspectives on the use of technology in the teaching and learning of mathematics. The lessons learned from the research presented in these volumes are lessons about teaching and learning that can be applied more broadly than solely in technological settings.

A volume in Research on Technology and the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: Syntheses, Cases, and Perspectives According to NCTM's Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, ""Technology is essential in teaching and learning of mathematics; it influences the mathematics that is taught and it enhances students' learning."" How does research inform this clarion call for technology in mathematics teaching and learning? In response to the need to craft appropriate roles for technology in school mathematics new technological approaches have been applied to the teaching and learning of mathematics, and these approaches have been examined by researchers world-wide. The second volume has a dual focus: cases and perspectives. It features descriptive cases that provide accounts of the development of technology-intensive curriculum and tools. In these cases the writers describe and analyze various roles that research played in their development work and ways in which research, curriculum development, and tool development can inform each other. These thoughtful descriptions and analyses provide documentation of how this process can and does occur.The remaining chapters in the second volume address research-related issues and perspectives on the use of technology in the teaching and learning of mathematics. The lessons learned from the research presented in these volumes are lessons about teaching and learning that can be applied more broadly than solely in technological settings.

This volume provides insight into what research suggests about the nature of mathematics learning in technological environments. Included are syntheses of research on technology in the learning of rational number, algebra, elementary and secondary geometry, mathematical modelling, and calculus. Instead of simply reporting achievement scores of students who use technology in their learning, authors provide thoughtful analyses of bodies of research with the goal of understanding the ways in which technology affects what and how students learn. Two additional chapters in this volume situate research in settings that cut across mathematics content areas. One chapter on teachers and teaching analyses research in light of a framework for the process of incorporating mathematics technology in classroom practise. The other chapter provides an in-depth look at equity and the use of educational technology in mathematcis. Each of the chapters in this volume is written by a team of experts whose own research has provided important guidance to the field.

A volume in Research on Technology and the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: Syntheses, Cases, and Perspectives According to NCTM's Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, ""Technology is essential in teaching and learning of mathematics; it influences the mathematics that is taught and it enhances students' learning."" How does research inform this clarion call for technology in mathematics teaching and learning? In response to the need to craft appropriate roles for technology in school mathematics new technological approaches have been applied to the teaching and learning of mathematics, and these approaches have been examined by researchers world-wide. The first volume provides insight into what research suggests about the nature of mathematics learning in technological environments. Included in this volume are syntheses of research on technology in the learning of rational number, algebra, elementary and secondary geometry, mathematical modeling, and calculus. Additional chapters synthesize research on technology in the practice of teaching and on equity issues in the use of technology in mathematics instruction.Instead of simply reporting achievement scores of students who use technology in their learning, authors provide thoughtful analyses of bodies of research with the goal of understanding the ways in which technology affects what and how students learn. Each of the chapters in this volume is written by a team of experts whose own research has provided important guidance to the field.