Papers on women and religion in the middle ages, drawn from archive, manuscipt and early printed sources. Taking a variety of critical approaches, the papers in Women, the Book and the Godlyanalyse the subject of women and religion, illustrating clearly the wealth of previously untapped material on this topic, whether in archive, manuscript or early printed source. The volume examines writing by women, writing which excludes women, and writing which ignores them, as well as women readers, women patrons, and women who were read to. Archaeology, canon and civil law, and trial depositions are all represented. The common determinants of marital and social status are, of course, explored, but so also are the problems of women and language, women's various roles as creators, recipients, and objects, and women's positions on the sliding scale between the orthodox, the reforming, and the heterodox churches. The essays thus represent something of the variety and range of work being done on medieval women today. Contributors: ALCUIN BLAMIRES, JACQUELINE MURRAY, WYBREN SCHEEPSMA, ANNEM. DUTTON, ROSALYNN VOADEN, GRACE JANTZEN, ELIZABETH A. ANDERSEN, THOMAS LUONGO, BENEDICTA WARD, GOPA ROY, GEORGES WHALEN, CATHERINE INNES-PARKER, HELENPHILLIPS, SHANNON McSHEFFREY, PETER BILLER

Bioadhesive formulations have a wide scope of application for both systemic and local effects of the drug. The oral transmucosal drug delivery bypasses liver and avoids pre-systemic elimination. The strategies to overcome such obstacles include the employment of new materials that, possibly, combine mucoadhesive and penetration enhancer properties and the design of novel drug delivery systems which, besides improving patient compliance, favor a more intimate contact of the drug with the absorption mucosa. Cellulose derivatives like HPMC is having good mucoadhesive property however it's potential can be increased by inclusion of plant derived gum like gum karaya. Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with pain relieving properties. It is used to treat many painful conditions, inflammation, swelling, and /or stiffness caused by several conditions and acute postoperative pain. One form of diclofenac, the potassium salt, is more effective at the same dose than the other form of diclofenac, the sodium salt. In view of first pass effect it has been selected as model drug for the study.

Tailoring or modulation of drug release from delivery systems comprises a major area of research in pharmaceutical field where the primary objective is to either sustain drug release or to design orodispersible tablets. This objective can be successfully achieved by use of a class of natural excipients - gums and mucilages. These polysaccharidic plant-derived biopolymers because of their unique swellability in aqueous medium can exert a retardant effect on drug release or can act as superdisintegrant, depending on the concentration used in the formulation. Mechanism of drug release from hydrophilic matrices consisting of gums and mucilages is based on solvent penetration-induced polymer relaxation, diffusion of entrapped drug followed by degradation or erosion of the matrix. The degree and time-scale of swelling contributes significantly to the kinetics of drug release. Drug diffusion from polysaccharidic hydrogel may be of either Fickian, Case II or anomalous transport type. The book has been designed to highlight on the bifunctional aspect of the natural gums primarily because of their concentration-dependent effect on drug release and their high degree of swellability.