With a shrinking workforce training young people is vital. The EC has a crucial role to play in the economic, social, educational and cultural development of the population. This book should be of interest to lecturers and students of European studies and politics. Educationalists, social and cultural bodies and youth representatives; public sector bodies.

European co-operation has a special role in relation to youth. Both the Council of Europe and the European Community have developed specific initiatives to promote the interests of youth, and to place them in a European-wide context. These initiatives cover economic, social, educational and cultural matters. New opportunities have been created for youth exchanges and an increasingly important application of the EC Social Fund is concerned with youth issues. This volume has a wider focus than the others in this series in that it covers the initiatives of both the European Community and some of the work done by the Council of Europe. It explains how their youth policies have developed, the differences between them, it guides the reader as to its current programmes, and it also discusses proposals affecting the immediate future. This volume will be of special interest to the diverse audience concerned with youth policy: public administrators, educationalists, social and cultural bodies, youth representatives and young individuals.

The Canadian tariff has been a singularly faithful mirror of economic and political change in this country, but it is a glass through which much has been seen darkly. This study is an attempt to improve the view. It traces the administration of the tariff through Canadian history, and provides the first complete treatment of the subject and its significance for the country's commerce. Dr. Blake's work begins with customs administration during the French regime, and follows with the British period---the struggle for responsible government, the problem of smuggling, and the establishment of free ports. The author discusses such early problems as customs union in the Canadas, reciprocity and the Galt tariff, and ad valorem duties and their administrative consequences. Confederation and its effect on customs administration are analysed, as are the tariff schedule up to modern times, valuation and the effects of war, and the system and problems of appraisement. The customs establishment since Confederation is studied under such heads as organization, problems of adjustment, and political patronage in the service. Finally, the Canadian Tariff Board is put under examination. This study does not constitute an argument on either side of the policy controversy as regards free trade or protection nor is it a linearly historical treatment of Canadian commercial policy. It is an attempt to fit into the Canadian environment certain more or less theoretical concepts which may serve to explain the tariff as an important economic institution. It will be of interest to students of Canadian economic history, particularly in the area of national revenue.