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Oil spills can be difficult to manage, with reporting frequently
delayed. Too often, by the time responders arrive at the scene, the
slick has moved, dissolved, dispersed or sunk. This Oil Spill
Monitoring Handbook provides practical advice on what information
is likely required following the accidental release of oil or other
petroleum-based products into the marine environment. The book
focuses on response phase monitoring for maritime spills, otherwise
known as Type I or operational monitoring. Response phase
monitoring tries to address the questions; what? where? when? how?
how much? that assist responders to find, track, predict and clean
up spills, and to assess their efforts. Oil spills often occur in
remote, sensitive and logistically difficult locations, often in
adverse weather, and the oil can change character and location over
time. An effective response requires robust information provided by
monitoring, observation, sampling and science. The Oil Spill
Monitoring Handbook completely updates the Australian Maritime
Safety Authority's 2003 edition of the same name, taking into
account the latest scientific advances in physical, chemical and
biological monitoring, many of which have evolved as a consequence
of major oil spill disasters in the last decade. It includes
sections on the chemical properties of oil, the toxicological
impacts of oil exposure, and the impacts of oil exposure on
different marine habitats with relevance to Australia and
elsewhere. An overview is provided on how monitoring integrates
with the oil spill response process, the response organisation, the
use of decision-support tools such as net environmental benefit
analysis, and some of the most commonly used response technologies.
Throughout the text, examples are given of lessons learned from
previous oil spill incidents and responses, both local and
international. General guidance of spill monitoring approaches and
technologies is augmented with in-depth discussion on both response
phase and post-response phase monitoring design and delivery.
Finally, a set of appendices delivers detailed standard operating
procedures for practical observation, sample and data collection.
Contaminated sediments represent an ongoing threat to the health of
aquatic ecosystems. The assessment of sediment quality is,
therefore, an important concern for environmental regulators.
Sediment quality guidelines are now well established in regulatory
frameworks worldwide; however, practical guidance that covers all
of the key aspects of sediment quality assessment is not readily
available. Written by experts in the field, it provides coverage
of: sediment sampling; sample preparation; chemical analysis;
ecotoxicology; bioaccumulation; biomarkers; and ecological
assessment. In addition, detailed appendices describe protocols for
many of the tests to be used.
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