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Why did large numbers of Scots leave a temperate climate to live
permanently in parts of the world where greater temperature extreme
was the norm? The long nineteenth century was a period consistently
cooler than now, and Scotland remains the coldest of the British
nations. Nineteenth-century meteorologists turned to environmental
determinism to explain the persistence of agricultural shortage and
to identify the atmospheric conditions that exacerbated the
incidence of death and disease in the towns. In these cases, the
logic of emigration and the benefits of an alternative climate were
compelling. Emigration agents portrayed their favoured climate in
order to pull migrants in their direction. The climate reasons,
pressures and incentives that resulted in the movement of people
have been neither straightforward nor uniform. There are known
structural features that contextualize the migration experience,
chief among them being economic and demographic factors. By
building on the work of historical climatologists, and the
availability of long-run climate data, for the first time the
emigration history of Scotland is examined through the lens of the
nation's climate. In significant per capita numbers, the Scots left
the cold country behind; yet the 'homeland' remained an unbreakable
connection for the diaspora.
Why did large numbers of Scots leave a temperate climate to live
permanently in parts of the world where greater temperature extreme
was the norm? The long nineteenth century was a period consistently
cooler than now, and Scotland remains the coldest of the British
nations. Nineteenth-century meteorologists turned to environmental
determinism to explain the persistence of agricultural shortage and
to identify the atmospheric conditions that exacerbated the
incidence of death and disease in the towns. In these cases, the
logic of emigration and the benefits of an alternative climate were
compelling. Emigration agents portrayed their favoured climate in
order to pull migrants in their direction. The climate reasons,
pressures and incentives that resulted in the movement of people
have been neither straightforward nor uniform. There are known
structural features that contextualize the migration experience,
chief among them being economic and demographic factors. By
building on the work of historical climatologists, and the
availability of long-run climate data, for the first time the
emigration history of Scotland is examined through the lens of the
nation's climate. In significant per capita numbers, the Scots left
the cold country behind; yet the 'homeland' remained an unbreakable
connection for the diaspora.
This book investigates the impact of the ever-changing story of
William Wallace on Scottish national identity. Freed from the
historian's bedrock of empiricism by a lack of corroborative
sources, the biography of this short-lived late-medieval patriot
has long been incorporated into the ideology of nationalism. It is
to explain this assimilation, and to deconstruct the myriad ways
that Wallace's biography has been endlessly refreshed as a national
narrative, over many generations, that forms this investigation.
William Wallace: A National Tale examines the elision of Wallace's
after-life into narrative ascendency, dominating the ideology and
politics of nationalism in Scotland. This narrative is
conceptualised as the national tale, a term taken out of its
literary moorings to scrutinise how the personal biography of a
medieval patriot has been evoked and presented as the nation's
biography over seven centuries of time. Through the verse of Blind
Harry, the romance of Jane Porter, to the historical imaginations
of Braveheart and Brave, Scotland's national tale has been forged.
This is a fresh, engaging and timely exploration into Wallace's
hold over Scotland's national mythology. It reappraises William
Wallace as a national figure. It explores Wallace variously as: A
Protestant, A Scottish Chief, A Romantic Hero, and a Hollywood
Hero. It examines Scotland's obsession with the need for a national
hero.
In recent years the concept of 'civil society' has become central
to the historian's understanding of class, cultural and political
power in the nineteenth-century town and city. Increasingly clubs
and voluntary societies have been regarded as an important step in
the formation of formal political parties, particularly for the
working and middle classes. The result of this is the assertion
that the more associations existing in a particular society, the
deeper democracy becomes entrenched. In order to test this
hypothesis, this volume brings together essays by an international
group of urban historians who examine the construction of civil
society from associational activity in the urban place. From their
studies, it soon becomes clear that such simple propositions do not
adequately reflect the dynamics of nineteenth-century urban society
and politics. Urban associations were ideological in purpose and
deliberately discriminatory and as such set the boundaries of civil
society. Thus competing and segmented associations were not only an
indication of pluralism and strength, but also highlighted a
fundamental weakness when faced down by the interests of the state.
Through a wide array of urban associations in a broad range of
settings, comprising Austria and Bratislava, France and Italy, the
Netherlands, Austro-Hungary, England, Scotland and the US, this
volume reflects on the construction of class, nation and culture in
the associations of the nineteenth-century urban place. In so doing
it shows that a deep and interlocking civil society does not
automatically lead to a rise in democratic activity. Expansion of
the networks of urban association could equally result in greater
subdivision and to the fragmentation and isolation of certain
groups. Partition as much as coherence is our understanding of
civil society and associations in the nineteenth-century urban
place.
In recent years the concept of 'civil society' has become central
to the historian's understanding of class, cultural and political
power in the nineteenth-century town and city. Increasingly clubs
and voluntary societies have been regarded as an important step in
the formation of formal political parties, particularly for the
working and middle classes. The result of this is the assertion
that the more associations existing in a particular society, the
deeper democracy becomes entrenched. In order to test this
hypothesis, this volume brings together essays by an international
group of urban historians who examine the construction of civil
society from associational activity in the urban place. From their
studies, it soon becomes clear that such simple propositions do not
adequately reflect the dynamics of nineteenth-century urban society
and politics. Urban associations were ideological in purpose and
deliberately discriminatory and as such set the boundaries of civil
society. Thus competing and segmented associations were not only an
indication of pluralism and strength, but also highlighted a
fundamental weakness when faced down by the interests of the state.
Through a wide array of urban associations in a broad range of
settings, comprising Austria and Bratislava, France and Italy, the
Netherlands, Austro-Hungary, England, Scotland and the US, this
volume reflects on the construction of class, nation and culture in
the associations of the nineteenth-century urban place. In so doing
it shows that a deep and interlocking civil society does not
automatically lead to a rise in democratic activity. Expansion of
the networks of urban association could equally result in greater
subdivision and to the fragmentation and isolation of certain
groups. Partition as much as coherence is our understanding of
civil society and associations in the nineteenth-century urban
place.
A history of the Scottish diaspora from c.1700 to 1945 Did you know
that Scotland was one of Europe's main population exporters in the
age of mass migration? Or that the Scottish Honours System was
introduced as far afield as New Zealand? This comprehensive
introductory history of the Scottish diaspora examines these and
related issues, exploring the migration of Scots overseas, their
experiences in the new worlds in which they settled and the impact
of the diaspora on Scotland. Global in scope, the book's
distinctive feature is its focus on both the geographies of the
Scottish diaspora and key theories, concepts and themes, including
associationalism and return migration. By revisiting these themes
throughout the chapters, the multifaceted characteristics of
'Scottishness' abroad are unravelled, transcending narrow
interpretations that define the Scottish diaspora primarily in
terms of the movement of people. Readers will gain an understanding
of migration flows and destination countries, but also the imprints
and legacies of emigre Scots overseas and at home. Key Features
*Comprehensive overview of Scottish diaspora history *Sections
explaining themes and geographies *International in scope
*Conceptual case studies: England & Ireland; United States;
Canada; Africa; Asia; Australia & New Zealand (the Antipodes)
What did it mean to be a Scot in an age marked by the movement of
people and the flow of information? This revised and updated volume
of the "New History of Scotland" series explores a period of
intense identity formation in Scotland. Examining the 'us and them'
mentality, it delivers an account of the blended nature of Scottish
society through the transformations of the industrial era from 1832
to 1914. Alongside the history of Scotland's national identity, and
its linked political and social institutions, is an account of the
changing nature of society within Scotland and the relentless eddy
of historical developments from home and away. Where previous
histories of this period have focused on industry, this book will
take a closer look at the people that helped to form Scottish
national identity. Graeme Morton shows that identity was a key
element in explaining Industrial Scotland, charting the interplay
between the micro and the macro and merging the histories of the
Scots and the Scottish nation. Key features: popular and well-liked
student series; completely updated and revised with new research;
and, charts the birth of modern Scottish identity.
The nineteenth century was a period of profound change in Scottish
history. Industrialisation, improved communications, agricultural
transformation, country to town migration, upheavals in the church,
increased trade, and imperialism -- all these affected the pace and
rhythm of everyday life across the country. At the same time
increased literacy helped to generate new patterns of identity,
extending beyond the local to encompass the nation, which
challenged certainties of how the world was viewed. With new styles
of living came new dangers to the physical and moral health of the
population, and increased apprehension of crime and disorder.
Industrialisation created opportunities for consumption and
recreation but with tangible environmental and economic costs.
Rural Scotland adjusted to changes in farming practice and the
traumas of population loss and began to look to the opportunities
presented by recreation and tourism. The large-scale creation and
survival of documentary evidence and records make the study of
everyday life during this period practicable in depth for the first
time. This volume presents a vivid account that includes the
experiences of all the people of Scotland. It draws on every kind
of available evidence and on work in social and cultural history,
sociology and anthropology. The series will be complete in four
volumes. x and x are already available. x is forthcoming.
A deconstruction of the national biography and mythology of William
Wallace Freed from the historian's bedrock of empiricism by a lack
of corroborative sources, the biography of this short-lived
late-medieval patriot has long been incorporated into the ideology
of nationalism. It is to explain this assimilation, and to
deconstruct the myriad ways that Wallace's biography has been
endlessly refreshed as a national narrative, over many generations,
that forms this investigation. William Wallace: A National Tale
examines the elision of Wallace's after-life into narrative
ascendency, dominating the ideology and politics of nationalism in
Scotland. This narrative is conceptualised as the national tale, a
term taken out of its literary moorings to scrutinise how the
personal biography of a medieval patriot has been evoked and
presented as the nation's biography over seven centuries of time.
Through the verse of Blind Hary, the romance of Jane Porter, to the
historical imaginations of Braveheart and Brave, Scotland's
national tale has been forged. This is a fresh, engaging and timely
exploration into Wallace's hold over Scotland's national mythology.
Key Features Reappraises William Wallace as a national figure
Brings Wallace into the 2014 debate Explores Wallace variously as:
A Protestant; A Scottish Chief; A Romantic Hero; a Hollywood Hero
Examines Scotland's obsession with the need for a national hero
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