While much fundamental research in the recent past has been devoted to the criminal jury in England to 1800, there has been little work on the nineteenth century, and on the civil jury . This important study fills these obvious gaps in the literature. It also provides a re-assessment of standard issues such as jury lenity or equity, while raising questions about orthodoxies concerning the relationship of the jury to the development of laws of evidence. Moreover, re-assessment of the jury in nineteenth-century England rejects the thesis that juries were squeezed out by judges in favour of market principles. The book contributes a rounded picture of the jury as an institution, considering it in comparison to other modes of fact-finding, its development in both civil and criminal cases, and the significance, both practical and ideological, of its transplantation to North America and Scotland, while opening up new areas of investigation and research. Contributors: John W Cairns Richard D Friedman Joshua Getzler Roger D Groot Philip Handler Daffydd Jenkins Michael Lobban Grant McLeod Maureen Mulholland James C Oldham J R Pole David J Seipp

(www.sparrowbook.com) Sparrow is a seldom-heard but uplifting story of The Sparrows - Battle of Britain gunners who defended Timor as part of Sparrow Force.
It is the story of Charlie McLachlan's war: a triumph of stubborn Scottish defiance and laconic Aussie genius over the relentless violence of man and nature.
From the Rudolph Hess crash-landing to the atom bomb, from history's last bayonet charge to the war's greatest aerial bombardment, Charlie McLachlan survives and bears witness to some of the landmark days of World War II.
At one time or other in a four year ordeal, he is fired upon by the armies, navies and/or air forces of Germany, Japan, Australia, the Netherlands, Great Britain and the United States of America - pretty much everyone but the Russians.
He defies or evades the ravages of tropical ulcers, tropical heat, alpine cold, gangrene, cholera, malaria, beriberi, dysentery, mosquitoes, crocodiles, snakes, sharks, scorpions, sadistic Sikhs, Japanese hellships, falling coconuts, flying shrapnel, beatings, beheadings, bullets, bombs, bayonets, torpedoes, a crushed leg, a fractured skull, malnutrition and premature cremation.
He's presumed dead by the British Army, left for dead by Japanese guards, and declared dead by a Dutch Javanese doctor.
Yet through it all, Charlie soldiers on.
Half a world away, his wife Mary, fashioned from the same mental granite, stoically awaits his return. Not even an official telegram confirming the near-certainty of Charlie's death, or later rumours of his torture, can shake her iron faith.
***ABOUT SPARROW FORCE***
Sparrow Force - the force who defended Timor in 1942 - was one of Australia's most successful military units. At the lowest point in the Second World War, soldiers equipped with First World War weapons destroyed Japan's most successful and elite special force.
Cut off from Australia, a commando campaign held off a Japanese division for almost a year at the turning point of the war. Low in medicine and ammunition, they built an improvised radio that regained contact with their homeland. It was the first good news of the war for the Allies.
Sparrow Force was unique. They were the first force to defeat Japan in battle. They were the last to be captured. Those who escaped to pursue a guerrilla campaign spent more time in combat against the Japanese than any other Allied unit.
They were set up to fail. Instead, they endured, defied, and succeeded.
Newsreels were made, victories were recorded, medals were awarded, Australia's morale elevated. As Winston Churchill famously said, "They alone did not surrender."
***SPARROW INCLUDES***
"Sparrow - A Chronicle of Defiance" also contains:
- The first complete nominal roll of each unit of Sparrow Force;
- Unit photographs of Sparrow Force;
- Profiles and photographs of Mitsushima and Kanose prisoners, guards, and the camps;
- Yokohama, Darwin, and Singapore War Crimes Tribunal trial profiles of guards;
- Over 100 pages of historiographical analysis of the Pacific War; and
- A comprehensive bibliography for researchers, including online content.