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The consultation paper Fiduciary Duties of Investments
Intermediaries: A Consultation Paper follows on from the Kay Report
on UK Equity Markets and Long Term Decision Making (see below), and
uses pensions as the example, tracing a chain of intermediaries
from the prospective pensioner/saver to the registered shareholder
of a UK company. There are well established duties on pension
trustees to act in the best interests of scheme members, and it
looks at how far these duties require trustees to maximize
financial return over a short time scale, and how far trustees can
consider other factors such as environmental and social impact. The
consultation asks: Whether the law is right to allow trustees to
consider ethical issues only in limited circumstances? Whether the
legal obligations on trustees are conducive to investment
strategies in the best interests of the ultimate beneficiaries? and
if not, what specifically ne
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Level crossings (Paperback)
Great Britain. - Law Commission., Scotland: Scottish Law Commission; Contributions by Lloyd Jones
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R2,706
Discovery Miles 27 060
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Out of stock
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This project, following a joint consultation in 2010, aims to
modernise and clarify the safety regime governing level crossings
in Great Britain. It aims to make it easier to close level
crossings where necessary and preserve rights of way where
appropriate. It recommends that safety should be regulated entirely
by the Health and Safety at Work, etc Act 1974, and approved codes
of practice and guidance under new powers given to the Office of
Rail Regulation. Modern safety regulation should also take
precedence over safety provisions in special Acts. It is also
recommended that the Level Crossings Act 1983 be repealed. In place
of level crossing orders under that Act, there should be
regulations making provision for level crossing plans which may be
entered into voluntarily in respect of public and private level
crossings if the parties whish to create such an arrangement. Also
recommended are creation of duties on railway operators and traffic
authorities; clarification of boundaries between the enforcement
responsibilities of the Office of Rail Regulation and those of the
Health and Safety Executive; and disapplication of obsolete
statutory provisions. Most of the recommendations for reform of the
law are given effect in the draft Level Crossings Bill and draft
Level Crossings Plans Regulations both of which are included in the
report
The law must be updated to deal with new challenges posed, for
example, by internet paedophiles and organised gangs planning
criminal activities who may be operating on a world-wide basis. In
"Conspiracy and Attempts (Consultation Paper 318)", The Law
Commission recommends a series of changes to improve and clarify
the law governing conspiracy and attempts to commit crimes to make
it simpler and fairer both for the prosecution and the accused.
This report contains a draft Conspiracy and Attempts Bill that
would: make it possible to bring a charge of conspiracy when
conspirators deliberately take a risk that they will engage in
criminal activity; abolish the outdated rule that prevents married
couples from being charged with conspiring to commit a crime; make
it possible to bring a charge of conspiracy when conspirators
deliberately take a risk that they will engage in criminal
activity; and, introduce a new defence of reasonableness to a
charge of conspiracy. The report follows on from the 2007
consultation paper, "Conspiracy and Attempts: A Consultation Paper
(Consultation Paper 183)".
The Law Commission's main task is to review areas of the law and to
make recommendations for change. The Commission seeks to ensure
that the law is as simple, accessible, fair, modern and
cost-effective as possible.
A conservation covenant is a voluntary agreement between a
landowner and responsible body (charity, public body or
local/central Government) to do or not do something on their land
for a conservation purpose. This might be, for example, an
agreement to maintain woodland and allow public access to it, or to
refrain from using certain pesticides on native vegetation. These
agreements are long lasting and continue after the landowner has
parted with the land, ensuring that its conservation value is
protected for the public benefit. Conservation covenants are used
in many other jurisdictions, but do not exist in the law of England
and Wales. Instead, landowners and responsible bodies are relying
on complex and expensive legal workarounds, or the limited number
of existing statutory covenants that enable certain covenants to be
enforced by specified bodies (for example, the National Trust).
This paper considers the following key issues: who should be able
to create a conservation covenant?; what should a conservation
covenants be for?; should there be public oversight of a new
statutory scheme?; how should conservation covenants be created and
recorded?; how should a conservation covenant be managed? ; what
should happen if there is a breach of a conservation covenant?;
when and how should a conservation covenant be modified or come to
an end?; could any existing statutory covenants be replaced by a
system of conservation covenants?; what will be the impact of
introducing a system of conservation covenants? A number of
provisional proposals are presented.
In this report the Law Commission makes recommendations to form the
basis of a revised Electronic Communications Code. The Code was
enacted in 1984 to regulate landline telephone provision. It sets
out the regime that governs the rights of designated electronic
communications operators to maintain infrastructure on public and
private land. In modern times, it applies to the infrastructure
forming networks which support broadband, mobile internet and
telephone, cable television and landlines. This project focuses on
private property rights between landowners and electronic
communications providers; it does not consider planning. The
current Code has been criticised by courts and the people who work
with it as out of date, unclear and inconsistent with other
legislation. The reforms would: provide a clearer definition of the
market value that landowners can charge for the use of their land,
giving them greater confidence in negotiating and giving providers
a better idea of what their network is likely to cost; clarify the
conditions under which a landowner can be ordered to give a
designated network provider access to his or her land, bringing
more certainty to both landowners and providers and helping them to
reach agreements more easily; resolve the inconsistencies between
the current Code and other legislation; clarify the rights of
landowners to remove network equipment from land; specify limited
rights for operators to upgrade and share their network equipment;
and improve the procedure for resolving disputes under the Code. It
will be for Government to draft and implement a revised Code.
The Law Commission's main task is to review areas of the law and to
make recommendations for change. The Commission seeks to ensure
that the law is as simple, accessible, fair, modern and
cost-effective as possible.
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Electoral law - a joint consultation paper (Paperback)
Great Britain. - Law Commission., Great Britain Scottish Law Commission, Great Britain: Northern Ireland Law Commission; Contributions by Lloyd Jones, David Lloyd Jones Lloyd Jones, …
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R1,571
Discovery Miles 15 710
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Out of stock
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This Consultation Paper reviews the law governing the conduct of
elections and referendums in the UK, and sets out our provisional
proposals and questions for consultation with the public. This is a
joint project by the Law Commission of England and Wales, the
Scottish Law Commission and the Northern Ireland Law Commission.
The Electronic Communications Code (schedule 2 to the
Telecommunications Act 1984) sets out the regime that governs the
rights of electronic communications operators to install and
maintain infrastructure on public and private land. The Code
strikes a balance between the rights and interests of landowners
and network operators. This consultation paper discusses the
current law and set out a number of provisional proposals and
options for reform. The paper considers all the main provisions of
the current Code and areas highlighted for potential reform
include: the rights of operators and landowners under the Code, and
the position of third parties; operators' obligations under the
Code and related regulations; the test applied to determine whether
code rights are granted to an operator where a landowner objects;
the measure of the financial award to be paid to the landowner
where an operator is granted code rights; the appropriate forum for
the resolution of disputes, and other procedural issues; the
interaction between the Code and other statutory regimes. The Code
applies throughout the UK. The Commission's focus is on the law in
England and Wales, but the project is being conducted in
consultation with the Scottish and Northern Irish Law Commissions.
This consultation provisionally proposed that kidnapping and false
imprisonment should be replaced by one or more offences set out in
statute. It was provisionally proposed that the offences should be
made triable in a magistrates' court as well as in the Crown Court.
Consultees disagreed, and on further statistical analysis it
appeared that no significant number of kidnapping and false
imprisonment cases result in sentences of less than 6 months'
imprisonment. It was therefore recommended that these offences
remain triable in the Crown Court only, with the existing maximum
penalty of life imprisonment. In line with the model favoured by
consultees, the creation of two distinct statutory offences to
replace the existing common law were recommended: that false
imprisonment be replaced with a new statutory offence of unlawful
detention (a label which we believe better captures the nature of
the offence) and a new statutory kidnapping offence. It was also
recommended to increase of the maximum sentences for these offences
from 7 to 14 years' imprisonment, in order to avoid undesirable
inconsistency between the most serious instances of these offences
and kidnapping offences of a comparable level of seriousness and
that the offence under section 1 be extended to cover cases of
wrongful retention of a child abroad, in breach of the permission
given by another parent (or other connected person) or the court.
This extension would close the gap in the law highlighted in the
case of R (Nicolaou) v Redbridge Magistrates' Court.
Public bodies report that they cannot always share the data they
need to share and, as a result, miss out on opportunities to
provide better services to citizens. At the same time, the
protection of privacy is fundamental to any data sharing regime.
The law surrounding data sharing is complex. Powers to share data
are scattered across a very large number of statutes and may be set
out expressly or implied. In addition, there are common law powers.
In this scoping project the Law Commission considered the following
questions: are there hurdles to effective data sharing between
public bodies (including private bodies engaged in public service
delivery)?; Are those hurdles inappropriate?; How far do problems
in data sharing stem from the law?; How far do problems in data
sharing stem from other causes, such as a lack of training or
guidance, organisational incentives and disincentives?; Would law
reform solve or mitigate the problems? The Commission recommends
that a full law reform project should be carried out in order to
create a principled and clear legal structure for data sharing,
which will meet the needs of society. The scope of the review
should extend beyond data sharing between public bodies to the
disclosure of information between public bodies and other
organisations carrying out public functions.
This Law Commission report looks at the accurate contemporary
reporting of the content of legal proceedings taking place in
public in criminal courts. More specifically, this report focuses
on the power of the Crown Court to order that such reporting be
postponed to avoid prejudice to court proceedings. The Contempt of
Court Act 1981 provides that publication of material which has the
effect of risking serious prejudice to active court proceedings can
in some circumstances be punished as a contempt of court. The
Commission is concerned with all court reporting, whether broadcast
(on television, radio or over the internet) or published
(electronically or in print format) and whether by accredited press
representatives or others such as bloggers. The recommendations
would: ensure that court reporting postponement orders are all
posted on a single publicly accessible website (a similar website
currently operates in Scotland); include a further restricted
service where, for a charge, registered users could find out the
detail of the reporting restriction and could sign up for automated
email alerts of new orders; greatly reduce their risk of contempt
for publishers, from large media organisations to individual
bloggers, and enable them to comply with the court's restrictions
or report proceedings to the public with confidence.
A TSO version of a title previously published by HM Government.
The Law Commission's main task is to review areas of the law and to
make recommendations for change. The Commission seeks to ensure
that the law is as simple, accessible, fair, modern and
cost-effective as possible. In this report, Part 1 describes the
Commission, its programme of work and consultation methods. Part 2
reviews 2007-08, and looks at the targets for publication of
reports and consultation papers the Law Commission has set for the
period. Part 3 looks at the progress that has been made in getting
the Government to accept and implement the recommendations made in
its reports.This is an area of concern to the Commission, and an
appendix lists all reports from 1966 to March 2007, with details on
whether the each report was accepted fully or in part, rejected,
accepted but not implemented, or pending. Parts 4-8 cover the work
of each law team in the Law Commission over the course of the year:
commercial and common law; criminal law, evidence and procedure;
property and trust law; public law; statute law. Part 9 looks at
relations with external agencies, and Part 10 relates to the
Commission's staffing and resources.
This joint report by the Law Commission and Scottish Law Commission
considers the redress available to consumers who have been the
victims of misleading or aggressive practices by traders. Currently
consumers have to rely on private law rights if they want to take
action. The Commissions' review found current private law in this
area to be fragmented, complex and unclear, and recommends new
legislation to provide redress to consumers who experience
misleading and aggressive practices in their dealings with traders.
The aim is to clarify and simplify the current law on misleading
practices, and to improve the law on aggressive practices by
filling the gaps in the current law. Limited reform, targeting the
most serious causes of consumer detriment, is proposed. The report
follows the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations
2008 in most, but not all, respects. Recommendations are made on
liability and remedies. Consumers would have the right to unwind
the transaction (get a refund), or receive a discount on the price.
Additional damages may be recoverable to compensate for additional
loss. The report also considers the specific area of unfair payment
collection.
This joint discussion paper covers the following issues: the
business insured's duty of disclosure, and the law of warranties.
Under current law, a business policyholder has a duty to disclose
every material circumstance it knows about the risk it wants to
insure. Failure to do so entitles the insurer to avoid the
contract, which means the insurer may treat it as if it did not
exist and refuse all claims. The duty is unclear and sometimes
poorly understood, while the consequence of breach is too harsh.
The proposals aim to clarify how policyholders are expected to
comply with the duty when presenting a risk to insurers and to
encourage insurers to assist them in that task. Fairer remedies for
breach where the policyholder has not been dishonest., are
proposed. An insurance warranty is an important term which, unless
exactly complied with by the policyholder, results in the automatic
discharge of the insurer's liability for loss. It makes no
difference if the breach is trivial, not material to the risk or if
the policyholder remedies the breach prior to loss being incurred.
The Commissions propose that breach of a warranty should suspend
the insurer's liability for the duration of the breach; remedy of
the breach restores liability. Where a term is designed to reduce a
particular type of risk, liability should only be suspended in
relation to that risk. This would be mandatory for consumer
insurance but subject to freedom to contract for business
insurance.
This consultation paper deals with the question: when and how
should the individual be able to obtain redress from a public body
that has acted in a substandard manner? The Commission believes
that, in principle, claimants should be entitled to obtain redress
for loss caused by clearly substandard administrative action. But
it also realises that special consideration should be given to the
role played by public bodies when considering when and under what
terms they should be liable for such losses. Part 3 of the paper
analyses the mechanisms currently available for aggrieved citizens:
formal complaints procedures; external non-court avenues, such as
tribunals and public inquiries; public sector ombudsmen; and, court
action. The vast majority of cases are handled effectively in the
first three mechanisms. The appropriateness and effectiveness of
court action is investigated, looking at judicial review and
private law.In private law the analysis focuses on the torts of
misfeasance in public office, breach of statutory duty and
negligence. Part 4 highlights certain defects in the law relating
to court-based remedies. In both public and private law, the
Commission finds a strong argument for the reform of court-based
administrative redress, and suggests specific reforms. To encourage
the role of the ombudsmen, in part 5 the paper suggests the
creation of a power to stay actions, encouraging claimants to
submit suitable claims to the ombudsmen before taking court action.
Secondly, it suggests that access to the ombudsmen be improved by
modifying the 'statutory bar' and removing the MP filter in
relation to the Parliamentary Ombudsman. Part 6 examines potential
costs and benefits for public bodies, possible statutory immunities
and caps for individual claims. There is a need for more data on
the resource implications of the suggested reforms.
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