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The essays in this volume, first presented at an international
conference held at the University of Urbino, Italy, in 2011,
explore the different senses of realism, arguing both for and
against its distinctive theses and considering these senses from a
historical point of view. The first sense is the metaphysical
thesis that whatever exists does so, and has the properties it has,
independently of whether it is the object of a person's thought or
perception. The second sense of realism is epistemological, wherein
realism claims that, in some cases, it is possible to know the
world as it exists in and of itself. A third sense, which has
become known as ontological realism, states that universals exist
as well as individuals. The essays collected here make new
contributions to these fundamental philosophical issues, which have
largely defined western analytic philosophy, from Plato and
Aristotle to the present day.
Gustav Bergmann (1906-1987) was, arguably, the greatest ontologist
of the twentieth century in pursuing the fundamental questions of
first philosophy as deeply as any philosopher of any time. In 2006
and 2007, international conferences devoted solely to Bergmann s
work were held at the University of Iowa in the USA, Universite de
Provence in France, and Universita degli Studi Roma Tre in Italy.
The papers in this volume were presented at the first of these
conferences, in Iowa City, where Bergmann taught for nearly four
decades after escaping from Europe, following the dissolution of
the Vienna Circle of which he had been the youngest member. There
are nine philosophical papers, reminiscences of three of his
students, and a complete bibliography of his published writings."
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