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The question of how relations between marginalized groups are
impacted by their common and sometimes competing search for equal
rights has become acutely important. Demographic projections make
it easy now to imagine a future majority population of color in the
United States. Minority Relations sets forth some of the issues
involved in the interplay among members of various racial, ethnic,
and sexual minorities. Robert S. Chang initiated the Intergroup
Conflict and Cooperation Project and invited historian Greg
Robinson to collaborate. The two brought together scholars from
different backgrounds and disciplines to engage a set of
interrelated questions confronting groups generally considered
minorities. This collection strives to stimulate further thinking
and writing by social scientists, legal scholars, and policymakers
on inter-minority connections. Particularly, scholars test the
limits of intergroup cooperation and coalition building. For
marginalized groups, coalition building seems to offer a pathway to
addressing economic discrimination and reaching some measure of
justice with regard to opportunities. The need for coalitions also
acknowledges a democratic process in which racialized groups face
significant difficulty gaining real political power, despite such
legislation as the Voting Rights Act.
Through stories of remarkable people in Japanese American history,
The Unknown Great illuminates the diversity of the Nikkei
experience from the turn of the twentieth century to the present
day. Acclaimed historian and journalist Greg Robinson delves into a
range of themes from race and interracial relationships to
sexuality, faith, and national identity. In accessible short essays
drawn primarily from his newspaper columns, Robinson examines the
longstanding interactions between African Americans and Japanese
Americans, the history of LGBTQ+ Japanese Americans, religion in
Japanese American life, mixed-race performers and political
figures, and more. This collection is sure to entertain and inform
readers, bringing fresh perspectives and unfamiliar stories from
Japanese American history and centering the lives of unheralded
figures who left their mark on American life.
From a title-winning boxer in Louisiana to a Broadway baritone in
New York, Japanese Americans have long belied their popular
representation as "quiet Americans." Showcasing the lives and
achievements of relatively unknown but remarkable people in Nikkei
history, scholar and journalist Greg Robinson reveals the diverse
experiences of Japanese Americans and explores a wealth of themes,
including mixed-race families, artistic pioneers, mass confinement,
civil rights activism, and queer history. Drawn primarily from
Robinson's popular writings in the San Francisco newspaper Nichi
Bei Weekly and community website Discover Nikkei, The Unsung Great
offers entertaining and compelling stories that challenge
one-dimensional views of Japanese Americans. This collection breaks
new ground by devoting attention to Nikkei beyond the West
Coast-including the vibrant communities of New York and Chicago, as
well as the little-known history of Japanese Americans in the US
South. Expertly researched and accessibly written, The Unsung Great
brings to light a constellation of varied and incredible life
stories.
No-No Boy, John Okada’s only published novel, centers on a
Japanese American who refuses to fight for the country that
incarcerated him and his people in World War II and, upon release
from federal prison after the war, is cast out by his divided
community. In 1957, the novel faced a similar rejection until it
was rediscovered and reissued in 1976 to become a celebrated
classic of American literature. As a result of Okada’s untimely
death at age forty-seven, the author’s life and other works have
remained obscure. This compelling collection offers the first
full-length examination of Okada’s development as an artist,
placing recently discovered writing by Okada alongside essays that
reassess his lasting legacy. Meticulously researched biographical
details, insight from friends and relatives, and a trove of
intimate photographs illuminate Okada’s early life in Seattle,
military service, and careers as a public librarian and a technical
writer in the aerospace industry. This volume is an essential
companion to No-No Boy.
From a title-winning boxer in Louisiana to a Broadway baritone in
New York, Japanese Americans have long belied their popular
representation as "quiet Americans." Showcasing the lives and
achievements of relatively unknown but remarkable people in Nikkei
history, scholar and journalist Greg Robinson reveals the diverse
experiences of Japanese Americans and explores a wealth of themes,
including mixed-race families, artistic pioneers, mass confinement,
civil rights activism, and queer history. Drawn primarily from
Robinson's popular writings in the San Francisco newspaper Nichi
Bei Weekly and community website Discover Nikkei, The Unsung Great
offers entertaining and compelling stories that challenge
one-dimensional views of Japanese Americans. This collection breaks
new ground by devoting attention to Nikkei beyond the West
Coast-including the vibrant communities of New York and Chicago, as
well as the little-known history of Japanese Americans in the US
South. Expertly researched and accessibly written, The Unsung Great
brings to light a constellation of varied and incredible life
stories.
"To me life and art are one and the same, for the key lies in one's
knowledge of people and life. In art one is trying to express it in
the simplest imaginative way, as in the art of past civilizations,
for beauty and truth are the only two things which live timeless
and ageless." - Mine Okubo This is the first book-length critical
examination of the life and work of Mine Okubo (1912-2001), a
pioneering Nisei artist, writer, and social activist who repeatedly
defied conventional role expectations for women and for Japanese
Americans over her seventy-year career. Okubo's landmark Citizen
13660 (first published in 1946) is the first and arguably
best-known autobiographical narrative of the wartime Japanese
American relocation and confinement experience. Born in Riverside,
California, Okubo was incarcerated by the U.S. government during
World War II, first at the Tanforan Assembly Center in California
and later at the Topaz War Relocation Center in Utah. There she
taught art and directed the production of a literary and art
magazine. While in camp, Okubo documented her confinement
experience by making hundreds of paintings and pen-and-ink
sketches. These provided the material for Citizen 13660. Word of
her talent spread to Fortune magazine, which hired her as an
illustrator. Under the magazine's auspices, she was able to leave
the camp and relocate to New York City, where she pursued her art
over the next half century. This lovely and inviting book, lavishly
illustrated with both color and halftone images, many of which have
never before been reproduced, introduces readers to Okubo's oeuvre
through a selection of her paintings, drawings, illustrations, and
writings from different periods of her life. In addition, it
contains tributes and essays on Okubo's career and legacy by
specialists in the fields of art history, education, women's
studies, literature, American political history, and ethnic
studies, essays that illuminate the importance of her contributions
to American arts and letters. Mine Okubo expands the sparse
critical literature on Asian American women, as well as that on the
Asian American experience in the eastern United States. It also
serves as an excellent companion to Citizen 13660, providing
critical tools and background to place Okubo's work in its
historical and literary contexts.
There has been much written about teams with an ongoing debate
about the primacy of environment or dynamics as the most important
element to effective teams. Yet the need for groups to be able to
consistently tap into the collective intelligence present in the
team is more and more important. This requires teams to move beyond
cooperation, goodwill and consensus and be able to challenge
individual and collective assumptions to see new alternatives. This
book provides a simple but elegant model to understand how teams
move past the mediocrity of consensus to innovative thinking that
comes with Collective Learning. Collective Learning occurs when
teams become aware of their assumptions and it challenges them to
create a new understanding of what is real and what is important.
When that happens, lasting change can come from within the team.
There are four distinct abilities that must be present to provide
the infrastructure for a group to learn collectively, and here is
the 'how to' to dramatically increase team effectiveness. This book
is focused on how a facilitator can help groups and the individuals
in those groups slow down the emotional and belief processes in
order to create opportunities to choose responses rather than being
on automatic pilot. The purpose of the facilitator's effort is to
move experiential learning beyond the traditional notion of
teambuilding. Teambuilding has become a catchall phrase for helping
a group get more comfortable with one another and develop trust. It
is our opinion that to unlock the power of these experiential
tools, facilitators must think about developing two Meta-skills -
Emotional Maturity and Critical Thinking. Using experiential
learning to develop the attitudes and skills to continually learn
provides a real hope for creating fundamental change in the way
people and groups interact.
The confinement of some 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War
II, often called the Japanese American internment, has been
described as the worst official civil rights violation of modern U.
S. history. Greg Robinson not only offers a bold new understanding
of these events but also studies them within a larger time frame
and from a transnational perspective. Drawing on newly discovered
material, Robinson provides a backstory of confinement that reveals
for the first time the extent of the American government's
surveillance of Japanese communities in the years leading up to war
and the construction of what officials termed "concentration camps"
for enemy aliens. He also considers the aftermath of confinement,
including the place of Japanese Americans in postwar civil rights
struggles, the long movement by former camp inmates for redress,
and the continuing role of the camps as touchstones for nationwide
commemoration and debate. Most remarkably, A Tragedy of Democracy
is the first book to analyze official policy toward West Coast
Japanese Americans within a North American context. Robinson
studies confinement on the mainland alongside events in wartime
Hawaii, where fears of Japanese Americans justified Army
dictatorship, suspension of the Constitution, and the imposition of
military tribunals. He similarly reads the treatment of Japanese
Americans against Canada's confinement of 22,000 citizens and
residents of Japanese ancestry from British Columbia. A Tragedy of
Democracy recounts the expulsion of almost 5,000 Japanese from
Mexico's Pacific Coast and the poignant story of the Japanese Latin
Americans who were kidnapped from their homes and interned in the
United States. Approaching Japanese confinement as a continental
and international phenomenon, Robinson offers a truly kaleidoscopic
understanding of its genesis and outcomes. The confinement of some
120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II, often called the
Japanese American internment, has been described as the worst
official civil rights violation of modern U. S. history. Greg
Robinson not only offers a bold new understanding of these events
but also studies them within a larger time frame and from a
transnational perspective. Drawing on newly discovered material,
Robinson provides a backstory of confinement that reveals for the
first time the extent of the American government's surveillance of
Japanese communities in the years leading up to war and the
construction of what officials termed "concentration camps" for
enemy aliens. He also considers the aftermath of confinement,
including the place of Japanese Americans in postwar civil rights
struggles, the long movement by former camp inmates for redress,
and the continuing role of the camps as touchstones for nationwide
commemoration and debate. Most remarkably, A Tragedy of Democracy
is the first book to analyze official policy toward West Coast
Japanese Americans within a North American context. Robinson
studies confinement on the mainland alongside events in wartime
Hawaii, where fears of Japanese Americans justified Army
dictatorship, suspension of the Constitution, and the imposition of
military tribunals. He similarly reads the treatment of Japanese
Americans against Canada's confinement of 22,000 citizens and
residents of Japanese ancestry from British Columbia. A Tragedy of
Democracy recounts the expulsion of almost 5,000 Japanese from
Mexico's Pacific Coast and the poignant story of the Japanese Latin
Americans who were kidnapped from their homes and interned in the
United States. Approaching Japanese confinement as a continental
and international phenomenon, Robinson offers a truly kaleidoscopic
understanding of its genesis and outcomes.
The confinement of some 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War
II, often called the Japanese American internment, has been
described as the worst official civil rights violation of modern U.
S. history. Greg Robinson not only offers a bold new understanding
of these events but also studies them within a larger time frame
and from a transnational perspective. Drawing on newly discovered
material, Robinson provides a backstory of confinement that reveals
for the first time the extent of the American government's
surveillance of Japanese communities in the years leading up to war
and the construction of what officials termed "concentration camps"
for enemy aliens. He also considers the aftermath of confinement,
including the place of Japanese Americans in postwar civil rights
struggles, the long movement by former camp inmates for redress,
and the continuing role of the camps as touchstones for nationwide
commemoration and debate. Most remarkably, A Tragedy of Democracy
is the first book to analyze official policy toward West Coast
Japanese Americans within a North American context. Robinson
studies confinement on the mainland alongside events in wartime
Hawaii, where fears of Japanese Americans justified Army
dictatorship, suspension of the Constitution, and the imposition of
military tribunals. He similarly reads the treatment of Japanese
Americans against Canada's confinement of 22,000 citizens and
residents of Japanese ancestry from British Columbia. A Tragedy of
Democracy recounts the expulsion of almost 5,000 Japanese from
Mexico's Pacific Coast and the poignant story of the Japanese Latin
Americans who were kidnapped from their homes and interned in the
United States. Approaching Japanese confinement as a continental
and international phenomenon, Robinson offers a truly kaleidoscopic
understanding of its genesis and outcomes. The confinement of some
120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II, often called the
Japanese American internment, has been described as the worst
official civil rights violation of modern U. S. history. Greg
Robinson not only offers a bold new understanding of these events
but also studies them within a larger time frame and from a
transnational perspective. Drawing on newly discovered material,
Robinson provides a backstory of confinement that reveals for the
first time the extent of the American government's surveillance of
Japanese communities in the years leading up to war and the
construction of what officials termed "concentration camps" for
enemy aliens. He also considers the aftermath of confinement,
including the place of Japanese Americans in postwar civil rights
struggles, the long movement by former camp inmates for redress,
and the continuing role of the camps as touchstones for nationwide
commemoration and debate. Most remarkably, A Tragedy of Democracy
is the first book to analyze official policy toward West Coast
Japanese Americans within a North American context. Robinson
studies confinement on the mainland alongside events in wartime
Hawaii, where fears of Japanese Americans justified Army
dictatorship, suspension of the Constitution, and the imposition of
military tribunals. He similarly reads the treatment of Japanese
Americans against Canada's confinement of 22,000 citizens and
residents of Japanese ancestry from British Columbia. A Tragedy of
Democracy recounts the expulsion of almost 5,000 Japanese from
Mexico's Pacific Coast and the poignant story of the Japanese Latin
Americans who were kidnapped from their homes and interned in the
United States. Approaching Japanese confinement as a continental
and international phenomenon, Robinson offers a truly kaleidoscopic
understanding of its genesis and outcomes.
Through stories of remarkable people in Japanese American history,
The Unknown Great illuminates the diversity of the Nikkei
experience from the turn of the twentieth century to the present
day. Acclaimed historian and journalist Greg Robinson delves into a
range of themes from race and interracial relationships to
sexuality, faith, and national identity. In accessible short essays
drawn primarily from his newspaper columns, Robinson examines the
longstanding interactions between African Americans and Japanese
Americans, the history of LGBTQ+ Japanese Americans, religion in
Japanese American life, mixed-race performers and political
figures, and more. This collection is sure to entertain and inform
readers, bringing fresh perspectives and unfamiliar stories from
Japanese American history and centering the lives of unheralded
figures who left their mark on American life.
This book illuminates various aspects of a central but unexplored
area of American history: the midcentury Japanese American
experience. A vast and ever-growing literature exists, first on the
entry and settlement of Japanese immigrants in the United States at
the turn of the 20th century, then on the experience of the
immigrants and their American-born children during World War II.
Yet the essential question, "What happened afterwards?" remains all
but unanswered in historical literature. Excluded from the wartime
economic boom and scarred psychologically by their wartime ordeal,
the former camp inmates struggled to remake their lives in the
years that followed. This volume consists of a series of case
studies that shed light on various developments relating to
Japanese Americans in the aftermath of their wartime confinement,
including resettlement nationwide, the mental and physical
readjustment of the former inmates, and their political engagement,
most notably in concert with other racialized and ethnic minority
groups.
A fundamental assumption in most of the literature on leadership is
that a few will need to control the many. This assumption leads to
a search for power but with an either/or mindset: if I have power,
then others cannot have as much as me or they will be a threat.
Organizations, when anxious, experience limited ability to learn
and change. There is an alternative, paradoxical way to understand
leadership. A leader is most effective not by controlling others
but by defining himself/herself. It is critical for leaders to face
their fears, challenge their assumptions and thus be able to change
their self-perception. A Leadership Paradox outlines such an
alternative view of leadership and provides a model for achieving
differentiated leadership.
No-No Boy, John Okada's only published novel, centers on a Japanese
American who refuses to fight for the country that incarcerated him
and his people in World War II and, upon release from federal
prison after the war, is cast out by his divided community. In
1957, the novel faced a similar rejection until it was rediscovered
and reissued in 1976 to become a celebrated classic of American
literature. As a result of Okada's untimely death at age
forty-seven, the author's life and other works have remained
obscure. This compelling collection offers the first full-length
examination of Okada's development as an artist, placing recently
discovered writing by Okada alongside essays that reassess his
lasting legacy. Meticulously researched biographical details,
insight from friends and relatives, and a trove of intimate
photographs illuminate Okada's early life in Seattle, military
service, and careers as a public librarian and a technical writer
in the aerospace industry. This volume is an essential companion to
No-No Boy.
This book illuminates various aspects of a central but unexplored
area of American history: the midcentury Japanese American
experience. A vast and ever-growing literature exists, first on the
entry and settlement of Japanese immigrants in the United States at
the turn of the 20th century, then on the experience of the
immigrants and their American-born children during World War II.
Yet the essential question, "What happened afterwards?" remains all
but unanswered in historical literature. Excluded from the wartime
economic boom and scarred psychologically by their wartime ordeal,
the former camp inmates struggled to remake their lives in the
years that followed. This volume consists of a series of case
studies that shed light on various developments relating to
Japanese Americans in the aftermath of their wartime confinement,
including resettlement nationwide, the mental and physical
readjustment of the former inmates, and their political engagement,
most notably in concert with other racialized and ethnic minority
groups.
The question of how relations between marginalized groups are
impacted by their common and sometimes competing search for equal
rights has become acutely important. Demographic projections make
it easy now to imagine a future majority population of color in the
United States. Minority Relations: Intergroup Conflict and
Cooperation sets forth some of the issues involved in the interplay
among members of various racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities.
Robert S. Chang initiated the Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation
Project and invited historian Greg Robinson to collaborate. The two
brought together scholars from different backgrounds and
disciplines to engage a set of interrelated questions confronting
groups generally considered minorities. This collection strives to
stimulate further thinking and writing by social scientists, legal
scholars, and policymakers on inter-minority connections.
Particularly, scholars test the limits of intergroup cooperation
and coalition building. For marginalized groups, coalition building
seems to offer a pathway to addressing economic discrimination and
reaching some measure of justice with regard to opportunities. The
need for coalitions also acknowledges a democratic process in which
racialized groups face significant difficulty gaining real
political power, despite such legislation as the Voting Rights Act.
Contributions by Taunya Lovell Banks, Devon W. Carbado, Robert S.
Chang, Cheryl Greenberg, Tanya Kateri Hernandez, Amanda O. Jenssen,
Scott Kurashige, Greg Robinson, Stephen Steinberg, Clarence Walker,
and Eric K. Yamamoto.
On February 19, 1942, following the Japanese bombing of Pearl
Harbor and Japanese Army successes in the Pacific, President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed a fateful order. In the name of
security, Executive Order 9066 allowed for the summary removal of
Japanese aliens and American citizens of Japanese descent from
their West Coast homes and their incarceration under guard in
camps. Amid the numerous histories and memoirs devoted to this
shameful event, FDR's contributions have been seen as negligible.
Now, using Roosevelt's own writings, his advisors' letters and
diaries, and internal government documents, Greg Robinson reveals
the president's central role in making and implementing the
internment and examines not only what the president did but why.
Robinson traces FDR's outlook back to his formative years, and to
the early twentieth century's racialist view of ethnic Japanese in
America as immutably "foreign" and threatening. These prejudicial
sentiments, along with his constitutional philosophy and leadership
style, contributed to Roosevelt's approval of the unprecedented
mistreatment of American citizens. His hands-on participation and
interventions were critical in determining the nature, duration,
and consequences of the administration's internment policy. By
Order of the President attempts to explain how a great humanitarian
leader and his advisors, who were fighting a war to preserve
democracy, could have implemented such a profoundly unjust and
undemocratic policy toward their own people. It reminds us of the
power of a president's beliefs to influence and determine public
policy and of the need for citizen vigilance to protect the rights
of all against potential abuses.
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