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The present Supplement Volume Beryllium A 3 continues and completes
the description of the physical properties of the element, begun in
Supplement Volume A 2, 1991, and also treats the electrochemical
behavior of the metal. The unique combination of the Be properties,
which was pointed out in Supplement Volume A 2, is also
demonstrated in the following chapters of this Volume A 3: 13.
Electrical Properties 14. Electronic Properties 15. Optical
Properties. Emission and Impact Phenomena 16. Electrochemical
Behavior Starting with the electrical properties, Be isarather good
electrical conductor in centrast to what might be expected.
Superconductivity was studied, especially on films. Quantum
effects, which are more pronounced in Be than in most other metals,
are the reason for numerous in vestigations of the
magnetoresistance and the magnetic-breakdown effect. The basis for
many of the characteristic properties is the unique nature of
bonding in Be as a consequence of its peculiar electronic structure
and the special shape of its Fermi surface which also gave rise to
further numerous studies. Detailed cluster calculations were per
formed to better understand the bonding in the metal. Regarding the
optical properties, the high reflectivity of Be, particularly in
the infrared region, makes it attractive for the fabrication of
precision optical surfaces (mirrors); it is also useful for
solar-collector surfaces in spacecraft applications. Emission and
electron-and ion impact phenomena as well as neutron optics are
also discussed.
The present voLume describes the chemicaL behavior of eLementaL
tungsten toward the non- metaLlic eLements nitrogen to arsenic
(i.e., N, F, CL, Sr, I, S, Se, Te, Po, S, C, Si, P, and As). The
description of the chemicaL behavior starts with information on the
phase diagrams wh ich aLLow an overview of the existing stabLe
compounds. The major part of the information in this voLume is
about the kinds of products, the experimentaL conditions, as weLL
as the kinetics and thermodynamics of their formation. Short
descriptions of buLk diffusion in binary systems compLement the
kinetic data on the mostLy diffusion-controLLed reactions. Pure
surface phenomena on tungsten are not considered. A Large chapter
is devoted to the comprehensiveLy studied chemicaL processes and
trans- port processes in tungsten-haLogen Lamps. Product formation
in the tungsten-carbon and tungsten-silicon systems is aLso of
speciaL interest in view of possibLe appLications. The present
voLume concLudes the series of voLumes devoted to the chemicaL
behavior of eLementaL tungsten. Interactions and reactions with
nobLe gases, hydrogen, and oxygen are covered in "Wolfram" Erg.-Sd.
S 1. Interactions and reactions with metaLlic eLements are
described in "Tungsten" SuppL. VoL. A 6a (eLements antimony to
barium) and in "Tungsten" SuppL. VoL. A 6 b (eLements zinc to
actinides).
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