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The conflict in the Nuba Mountains in central Sudan illustrates how
state policies concerning the control of land can cause local
conflicts to escalate into large scale wars, which become
increasingly difficult to manage or resolve. The conventional
perspective on Sudan's recent civil war (1983-2005) - one of the
longest and most complex conflicts in Africa - emphasises ethnicity
as the main cause. This study, on the contrary, identifies the land
factor as aroot cause that is central to understanding Sudan's
local conflicts and large-scale wars. Land rights are about
relationships between and among persons, pertaining to different
economic and ritual activities. Rights toland are intimately tied
to membership in specific communities, from the family to the
nation-state. Control over land in Africa has been, and still is,
used as a means of defining identity and belonging, an instrument
to control, and a source of, political power. Membership of these
communities is contested, negotiable, and changeable over time. For
national governments land is a national economic resource for
public and private development, but the interests and rights of
rural majorities and their sedentary or nomadic subsistence forms
of life are often difficult to harmonise with land policies pursued
by national governments. The state's exclusionary land policies and
politicsof limiting or denying communities their land rights play a
crucial role in causing local conflicts that then can escalate into
large-scale wars. Land issues increase the complexity of a
conflict, thereby reducing the possibilityof managing, resolving,
or ultimately transforming it. The conflict in the Nuba Mountains
in central Sudan, the regional focus in this study, is living proof
of this transformation. Guma Kunda Komey is Assistant Professor of
Human Geography, Juba University, Sudan.
The Sudanese peace agreement reached a crisis point in its final
year. This book offers an analysis of the impact of the
implementation of the agreement on different Sudanese communities
and neighbouring regions. After a long process of peace
negotiations the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed on
9 January 2005 between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan
People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The CPA raised
initialhopes that it would be the foundation block for lasting
peace in Sudan. This book compiles scholarly analyses of the
implementation of the power sharing agreement of the CPA, of
ongoing conflicts with particular respect to land issues, of the
challenges of the reintegration of internally displaced people and
refugees, and of the repercussions of the CPA in other regions of
Sudan as well as in neighbouring countries. Elke Grawert is
SeniorLecturer at the Institute for Intercultural &
International Studies (InIIS), Faculty of Social Sciences,
University of Bremen, Germany.
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