This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First CCF Conference, NLPCC 2012, held in Beijing, China, during October/November, 2012. The 43 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 151 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on applications on language computing; fundamentals on language computing; machine translation and multi-lingual information access; NLP for search, ads and social networks; question answering and Web mining.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2013, held in Chongqing, China, during November 2013. The 31 revised full papers presented together with three keynote talks and 13 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 203 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on fundamentals on language computing; applications on language computing; machine learning for NLP; machine translation and multi-lingual information access; NLP for social media and web mining, knowledge acquisition; NLP for search technology and ads; NLP fundamentals; NLP applications; NLP for social media.

AsiaInformationRetrievalSymposium(AIRS)2008wasthefourthAIRSconf- ence in the series established in 2004.The ?rst AIRS washeld in Beijing, China, the second in Jeju, Korea, and the third in Singapore. The AIRS conferences trace their roots to the successful Information Retrieval with Asian Languages (IRAL) workshops, which started in 1996. The AIRS series aims to bring together international researchers and dev- opers to exchange new ideas and the latest results in information retrieval. The scope of the conference encompasses the theory and practice of all aspects of information retrieval in text, audio, image, video, and multimedia data. We are pleased to report that AIRS 2006 receiveda largenumber of 144 s- missions. Submissions came from all continents: Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Africa. We accepted 39 submissions as regular papers (27%) and 45 as short papers (31%). All submissions underwent double-blind revi- ing. We aregratefulto all the area Co-chairswho managedthe review processof their respective area e?ciently, as well as to all the Program Committee m- bers and additional reviewers for their e?orts to get reviews in on time despite the tight time schedule. We are pleased that the proceedings are published by Springer as part of their Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series and that the papers are EI-indexed.