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Leon Trotsky has become one of the twentieth century's most
enduring political legends. Joining the Bolsheviks on the eve of
the 1917 revolution he played a vital role as Lenin's right-hand
man in the insurrection and went on to lead the Red Army to victory
in the ensuing civil war. Having lost to Stalin the struggle for
power which followed Lenin's death, he became an implacable
opponent of the dictator over the next three decades-a stance which
cost him his political career, his citizenship and ultimately his
life. A charismatic orator, a prolific author and a political
philosopher whose ideas continue to resonate in the wake of the
collapse of the Stalinist regimes of Eastern Europe, Trotsky made
an indelible mark on world history. Ernest Mandel, one of the
foremost leaders of the international movement which Trotsky
founded before the Second World War and an influential economist
and political theorist, is uniquely placed to review the life and
work of Trotsky. In Trotsky as Alternative he presents a portrait
of his subject which is appreciative yet critical. He shows that
Trotsky's contribution to the history of the twentieth century was
primarily political rather than sociological, and this in a
practical as well as a theoretical sense. He locates Trotsky's
theory of uneven and combined development as a crucial tool whose
explanatory power of the mechanisms of world imperialism is as
relevant to the late capitalism of the 1990s as it was to the first
three decades of the century when it was formulated. Ranging across
Trotsky's struggles against Stalin's bureaucracy, his formulation
of an alternative economic strategy, his theories relating to the
Third World, fascism and the national question, his extensive
literary criticism, and concluding with a moving assessment of an
extraordinary life, this book is a fitting testimony to a man who,
in Mandel's words, "will be judged by history as the most important
strategist for the socialist movement."
The social history of the 19th and 20th centuries has tended to
focus on labour and socialist movements and working-class culture.
However, due to an increased interest in the 18th and early 19th
centuries, bourgeois society has been rediscovered by historians.
This has been the theme of a large research project, initiated by
Jurgen Kocka, which brought together about one hundred scholars
working in history, anthropology, law, literature and sociology
from West and East Germany, the United States, Israel and ten other
West European countries. This volume contains some of the more
important papers, which have been chosen for their special interest
to English-speaking scholars and for which Jurgen Kocka has written
a special and extensive introduction.
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