This volume, first published in 1982, is a collection of original essays written to honour Professor W. Arthur Lewis, 1979 co-winner of the Nobel Prize in economics. The authors, an international group of distinguished scholars, address a varied set of specific issues reflecting Professor Lewis' research interests, covering topics which include: technological change in agriculture, analyses of unemployment and income distribution, the role of government policy in the development process, the historical record of development, and the relationship between developed and developing nations. The book will be of interest to both the academic researcher and practicing professionals in the international organisations and national governments, and are particularly appropriate to graduate courses in economic development, cost-benefit analysis and economic history.

This volume examines different aspects of the Japanese experience in a comparative context. There is much here of relevance to contemporary developing countries anxious to initiate the experience of miraculous growth and anxious to avoid the subsequent stagnation. Such issues of the role of government in providing the right amount of infant industry protection, the relevance of the financial system, the country's peculiar corporate structure and the role of education in a comparative context serve to illuminate the lessons and legacies of this unique experience in development. The relationship between various dimensions of its domestic policy experience and Japan's international experience in trade promotion and foreign aid is explored and is of special interest to an international audience of academics and policymakers.

This book presents several general theoretical notions about the process of science and technology as it relates to development. It develops the international dimension of science and technology in terms of the international exchange processes and the appropriateness and modification of technology.

"Economists and policymakers have long been perplexed over the way rapid growth appears to conflict with the other common goal of developing nations - more equitable income distribution. But economic expansion need not preclude equity, as demonstrated by the case of Taiwan, which experienced high rates of economic growth between the early 1950s and the late 1970s while simultaneously improving the distribution of income among its people. This book describes how the Republic of China managed this balancing of goals and analyzes the reasons for Taiwan's exceptional performance. The authors illustrate how full utilization of the country's vast human resources through emphasis on labor-intensive production has worked to make Taiwan's products competitive in international markets and to make fiscal redistribution after the fact unnecessary. They also cite Taiwan's early attention to land reform, to productivity in agriculture, and to the spread of decentralized rural industry as important factors in the country's achievements. They point out that, although the specifics may change, strategies and policy implications drawn from the Taiwan experience should be applicable in other developing countries."

In March 1998 professional colleagues and students of T.N. Srinivasan joined together at the Festschrift Conference at Yale to honor his work. The book contains nineteen of the contributions which were presented, reflecting the four closely related dimensions of trade and development.

Part I deals with the various dimensions of the issue of growth with particular emphasis on technology choice as well as saving and fertility behavior in Ramsey-type models. Part II moves into the more applied issues of International trade, including the impact of North-South trade on Northern wages, the reasons for the failure of pegged exchange rates in the South, as well as the pros and cons of regional vs. multilateral trading arrangements. Part III presents a variety of theoretical and applied approaches to analyze Indian planning and development experience. The final section, Part IV, addresses the general topic of market failures and economic structure.

This book contains papers by an array of eminent economists and contains a good blend of theory and applied work. Professional economists, policy makers in developing and donor countries and personnel of international organizations will find this a useful tool.

This important book uses the most recent advancements in growth theory and case studies to examine the status of economic and political development at the turn of the 20th century. The book first provides an overview of the process of economic development in light of endogenous growth theory. The authors then explore the sources of economic development in East Asian countries, including the role of capital accumulation, international trade, pre-takeoff conditions and intersectoral relations. Pre war Japan is used as a case study to examine the role of industrial structure in accelerating economic development. The contributors then discuss the implications of economic development for income distribution in labor-absorbing economies and newly industrialized countries as well as examining household income distribution in Taiwan. Inequality is analyzed in the context of a developing country experiencing hyper-inflation. The influence of institutions, such as the Bretton Woods system, on developing countries' growth potential is also examined and case studies of Kenya, Uganda, and Sri Lanka are used to explore the role of politics and conflict in the process of economic development. The Political Economy of Comparative Development into the 21st Century will be essential reading for scholars of the economics and politics of development.

"Economists and policymakers have long been perplexed over the way rapid growth appears to conflict with the other common goal of developing nations - more equitable income distribution. But economic expansion need not preclude equity, as demonstrated by the case of Taiwan, which experienced high rates of economic growth between the early 1950s and the late 1970s while simultaneously improving the distribution of income among its people. This book describes how the Republic of China managed this balancing of goals and analyzes the reasons for Taiwan's exceptional performance. The authors illustrate how full utilization of the country's vast human resources through emphasis on labor-intensive production has worked to make Taiwan's products competitive in international markets and to make fiscal redistribution after the fact unnecessary. They also cite Taiwan's early attention to land reform, to productivity in agriculture, and to the spread of decentralized rural industry as important factors in the country's achievements. They point out that, although the specifics may change, strategies and policy implications drawn from the Taiwan experience should be applicable in other developing countries."

Is the nation state under siege? A common answer is that globalization poses two fundamental threats to state sovereignty. The first concerns the unleashing of centrifugal and centripetal forces - such as increasing market integration and the activities of institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO - that imperil state sovereignty from 'outside' the nation state. The second threat emanates from self-determination movements that jeopardize state sovereignty from 'inside'. Rigorously analyzing popular hypotheses on globalization's effect on state sovereignty from a broad social sciences perspective, the authors use empirical evidence to suggest that globalization's multilevel threats to state sovereignty have been overestimated. In most instances globalization is likely to generate pressure for increased government spending while only one form of market integration - foreign direct investment by multinational enterprises - appears to increase any feeling of economic insecurity. This volume will be invaluable to course instructors at both graduate and undergraduate levels, policy makers and members of the general public who are concerned about the effects of globalization on the nation-state.

This volume examines different aspects of the Japanese experience in a comparative context. There is much here of relevance to contemporary developing countries anxious to initiate the experience of miraculous growth and anxious to avoid the subsequent stagnation.

Such issues of the role of government in providing the right amount of infant industry protection, the relevance of the financial system, the country 's peculiar corporate structure and the role of education in a comparative context serve to illuminate the lessons and legacies of this unique experience in development.

The relationship between various dimensions of its domestic policy experience and Japan 's international experience in trade promotion and foreign aid is explored and is of special interest to an international audience of academics and policymakers.

This book brings together an international team of contributors to assess the political economy of the IMF and World Bank programmes.

The cutting-edge techniques of the new political economy are thus brought to bear on international issues for the first time. The book includes contributions from leading North American economists - Stephen Coate, Stephen Morris, Ravi Kanbur and Allen Drazen - as well as European-based analysts including Graham Bird and Frances Stewart.

Is the nation state under siege? A common answer is that globalization poses two fundamental threats to state sovereignty. The first threat concerns the unleashing of centrifugal and centripetal forces such as increasing market integration and the activities of institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO- that imperil state sovereignty from "outside" the nation state. The second threat emanates from self-determination movements that jeopardize state sovereignty from "inside" the nation state.
This book rigorously analyzes popular hypotheses regarding globalization's effect on state sovereignty from a broad social sciences perspective. Using empirical evidence the authors suggest that globalization's multilevel threats to state sovereignty have been overestimated. In most instances globalization is likely to generate pressure for increased government spending while only one form of market integration - foreign direct investment by multinational enterprises - appears to increase any feeling of economic insecurity.
Also contrary to popular perception, the net effect of IMF conditionality may be positive, limits on state sovereignty by multilateral development banks are not inevitable, and the WTO is not necessarily a threat to state sovereignty. Furthermore, globalization is likely to increase the risk of secessionism only in very specific conditions and while some self-determination movements may find globalization useful, on the whole countries with more open economies appear less likely to house self determination movements and are more likely to implement policies of fiscal centralization.

This book brings together an international team of contributors to assess the political economy of the IMF and World Bank programmes.

The cutting-edge techniques of the new political economy are thus brought to bear on international issues for the first time. The book includes contributions from leading North American economists - Stephen Coate, Stephen Morris, Ravi Kanbur and Allen Drazen - as well as European-based analysts including Graham Bird and Frances Stewart.

This book provides comparative perspectives on problems of economic development in the 1980s. It emphasizes improvements in economic institutions and policies associated with the development process and employs the comparative historical approach to evaluate dimensions of the development process.

This volume, first published in 1982, is a collection of original essays written to honour Professor W. Arthur Lewis, 1979 co-winner of the Nobel Prize in economics. The authors, an international group of distinguished scholars, address a varied set of specific issues reflecting Professor Lewis' research interests, covering topics which include: technological change in agriculture, analyses of unemployment and income distribution, the role of government policy in the development process, the historical record of development, and the relationship between developed and developing nations. The book will be of interest to both the academic researcher and practicing professionals in the international organisations and national governments, and are particularly appropriate to graduate courses in economic development, cost-benefit analysis and economic history.

There is growing consensus in the development economics literature that ethnic diversity is a very significant factor in explaining Africa's poor economic performance. Ethnic Diversity and Economic Instability in Africa challenges this conventional wisdom. Drawing on the insights of historians, anthropologists and political scientists as well as development economists, this book questions whether ethnicity is the most useful organising principle by which to examine the economic development of Africa, arguing that it is a more fluid and contingent concept than economic models allow. Instead, the authors explore the actual experience of ethnicity in Africa and propose new methods of measuring ethnic diversity and inequalities. Finally some tentative conclusions are reached regarding appropriate policy reforms.

It is widely acknowledged that youth unemployment is one of the most critical challenges facing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. This volume brings together an eminent group of international scholars to analyse the extent and complex nature of this joblessness, and offer a set of evidence-based policy choices that could contribute to solving the problem in the short- and long-run. Part I reviews the existing literature on youth unemployment and underemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa from microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives, while Part II goes on to present detailed country studies of Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa. These studies offer a deep understanding of the situation on the ground and consider country-specific solutions. Throughout the book it is argued that the standard ILO definition of unemployment is too narrow to correctly portray employment situations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several alternative measures of unemployment are presented, which show that joblessness is far more pervasive than commonly assumed in the literature. This volume will be of interest to academics and policy makers involved in African development.

Over the past four decades, Taiwan has achieved remarkable economic growth. In this important book, a distinguished group of contributors employs a comparative perspective to explore the reasons behind and the lessons to be learned from Taiwan's success. Included in the analysis is an insight into the strategy for economic development, the effectiveness of import substitution and the influence of foreign firms in Taiwan's development. The contributors also analyze the implications of development for income distribution and assess the effect of economic growth on inequality, female labor force participation and income mobility. The possibilities for a more even income distribution are then examined within the context of technological progress and a better education system. Finally, the authors explore the institutional foundation for industrialisation and the relationship between democratization and economic development in order to help explain Taiwan's extraordinary achievement. This book will be of great interest to scholars of Asian studies, development studies and international economics.

It is widely acknowledged that youth unemployment is one of the most critical challenges facing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. This volume brings together an eminent group of international scholars to analyse the extent and complex nature of this joblessness, and offer a set of evidence-based policy choices that could contribute to solving the problem in the short- and long-run.

Part I reviews the existing literature on youth unemployment and underemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa from microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives, while Part II goes on to present detailed country studies of Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa. These studies offer a deep understanding of the situation on the ground and consider country-specific solutions.

Throughout the book it is argued that the standard ILO definition of unemployment is too narrow to correctly portray employment situations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several alternative measures of unemployment are presented, which show that joblessness is far more pervasive than commonly assumed in the literature.

This volume will be of interest to academics and policy makers involved in African development.

There is growing consensus in the development economics literature that ethnic diversity is a very significant factor in explaining Africa's poor economic performance. Ethnic Diversity and Economic Instability in Africa challenges this conventional wisdom. Drawing on the insights of historians, anthropologists and political scientists as well as development economists, this book questions whether ethnicity is the most useful organising principle by which to examine the economic development of Africa, arguing that it is a more fluid and contingent concept than economic models allow. Instead, the authors explore the actual experience of ethnicity in Africa and propose new methods of measuring ethnic diversity and inequalities. Finally some tentative conclusions are reached regarding appropriate policy reforms.

Human Development has been advocated as the prime development goal since 1990, when the publication of the first UNDP Human Development Report proposed that development should improve the lives people lead in multiple dimensions instead of primarily pursuing economic growth. This approach forms the foundation of Advancing Human Development: Theory and Practice. It traces the evolution of approaches to development, showing how the Human Development approach emerged as a consequence of defects in earlier strategies. Advancing Human Development argues that Human Development is superior to measures of societal happiness. It investigates the determinants of success and failure in Human Development across countries over the past forty years, taking a multidimensional approach to point to the importance of social institutions and social capabilities as essential aspects of change. It analyses political conditions underlying the performance of Human Development, and surveys global progress in multiple dimensions such as life expectancy, infant mortality, and education and outcomes, whilst reflecting on dimensions which have worsened over time, such as rising inequality and declining environmental conditions. These deteriorating conditions inform Advancing Human Development's account of the challenges to the Human Development approach, covering the insufficient attention paid to macroeconomic conditions and the economic structure needed for sustained success.

What began as a much-applauded example of American concern for less prosperous peoples is now a favorite target in political debates; the recipient nations themselves have called into question the extent and nature of the aids programs. In this much-enlarged edition, almost twenty new articles are included. They reflect the skepticism about foreign-aid programs, and particularly about fixed rates of growth for developing countries. There is increased emphasis on the nature of the developing economies and on the development record.