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This book offers a practical introduction to helium refrigeration
engineering, taking a logical and structured approach to the
design, building, commissioning, operation and maintenance of
refrigeration systems. It begins with a short refresher of
cryogenic principles, and a review of the theory of heat
exchangers, allowing the reader to understand the importance of the
heat exchanger role in the various thermodynamic cycle structures.
The cycles are considered from the simplest (Joule Thomson) to the
most complicated ones for the very large refrigeration plants and,
finally, those operating at temperatures lower than 4.5 K. The
focus then turns to the operation, ability and limitations of the
main components, including room temperature cycle screw
compressors, heat exchangers, cryogenic expansion turbines,
cryogenic centrifugal compressors and circulators. The book also
describes the basic principles of process control and studies the
operating situations of helium plants, with emphasis on high level
efficiency. A major issue is helium purity, and the book explains
why helium is polluted, how to purify it and then how to check its
purity, to ensure that all components are filled with pure helium
prior to starting. Although the intention of the book is not to
design thermodynamic cycles, it is of interest to a designer or
operator of a cryogenic system to perform some simplified
calculations to get an idea of how components or systems are
behaving. Throughout the book, such calculations are generally
performed using Microsoft (R) Excel and the Gaspak (R) or Hepak (R)
software.
This book offers a practical introduction to helium refrigeration
engineering, taking a logical and structured approach to the
design, building, commissioning, operation and maintenance of
refrigeration systems. It begins with a short refresher of
cryogenic principles, and a review of the theory of heat
exchangers, allowing the reader to understand the importance of the
heat exchanger role in the various thermodynamic cycle structures.
The cycles are considered from the simplest (Joule Thomson) to the
most complicated ones for the very large refrigeration plants and,
finally, those operating at temperatures lower than 4.5 K. The
focus then turns to the operation, ability and limitations of the
main components, including room temperature cycle screw
compressors, heat exchangers, cryogenic expansion turbines,
cryogenic centrifugal compressors and circulators. The book also
describes the basic principles of process control and studies the
operating situations of helium plants, with emphasis on high level
efficiency. A major issue is helium purity, and the book explains
why helium is polluted, how to purify it and then how to check its
purity, to ensure that all components are filled with pure helium
prior to starting. Although the intention of the book is not to
design thermodynamic cycles, it is of interest to a designer or
operator of a cryogenic system to perform some simplified
calculations to get an idea of how components or systems are
behaving. Throughout the book, such calculations are generally
performed using Microsoft (R) Excel and the Gaspak (R) or Hepak (R)
software.
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