Since the Industrial Revolution the chemical composition of the atmosphere has changed at a rate unprecedented in recent history. Ozone depletion emerged as one of the most important environmental issues of the 20th century as evidence grew for substantial human influences on the atmospheric ozone abundances over much of the globe. The science of the ozone layer and its interactions with halogenated chemical compounds are the primary subjects of this book. The volume provides a comprehensive view of the chemical, dynamical, and radiative processes that affect ozone and other chemicals in the stratosphere and mesosphere.

This book presents a summary of the lectures given at the NATO Advanced Science Institute (ASI) which took place at Val Morin, Quebec, Canada, 4-15 September, 1995. This summer school offered an excellent opportunity to discuss key scientific questions related to the stratosphere and its importance for the climate system. Approximately 85 students and 15 lecturers from 19 nations attended the ASI which was sponsored by SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate), a project of the World Climate Research Programme. The purpose of the ASI was to present truly tutorial lectures rather than highly specialized or technical talks. At the conference, mornings were devoted to fundamental presentations while short illustrative talks were given in the afternoon. The book presents a summary of the two types of lectures. We were fortunate to enlist the participation of outstanding experts in the field of atmospheric science and excellent teachers. Students were strongly encouraged to actively participate in various activities during the summer school; for example, the students were asked to summarize the lectures given by the teachers, and in most cases, the chapters presented in this book were written by small groups of students and reviewed by the lecturers. During the school, students had also the opportunity to present posters that described their personal research. These lecture notes are divided into three major parts.

Dieses Open-Access-Buch beschreibt die Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen auf Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in Deutschland. Es liefert eine fundierte, fachübergreifende Grundlage für Entscheidungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Klimawandel. Wie lassen sich die Folgen des Klimawandels abmildern und wie können wir uns vorbereiten? Die hier vorliegende nationale Untersuchung stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Klimawandel umfassend für alle Themenbereiche und gesellschaftlichen Sektoren dar. Insgesamt 165 Autoren aus dem gesamten deutschsprachigen Raum äußern sich in 39 Kapiteln zu Themen wie bereits beobachtete sowie zukünftige Veränderungen, Wetterkatastrophen und deren Folgen. Erwartungen für die Zukunft, Chancen und Risiken sowie mögliche Anpassungsstrategien werden greifbar, offene Fragestellungen benannt. Fünf Kapitel zu Minderungs- und Null-Emissions-Strategien zeigen weitere mögliche Auswege aus der Situation auf. Die Texte sind in verständlicher Sprache geschrieben und die wichtigsten Gedanken durch Grafiken und Tabellen veranschaulicht. Alle Beiträge wurden mehrfach wissenschaftlich begutachtet. Mit der 2., überarbeiteten und erweiterten Auflage von Klimawandel in Deutschland wurde die erste Gesamtschau zu dem Themenkomplex aus dem Jahr 2017 aktualisiert und verbessert, sieben Kapitel kamen neu hinzu. Das Werk richtet sich vorrangig an eine Leserschaft mit einem Grundverständnis von klimarelevanten Fragen. Fachleute aller Disziplinen, die im Zusammenhang mit ihren beruflichen Tätigkeiten auf den Klimawandel reagieren müssen, etwa aus der öffentlichen Verwaltung, der Politik und dem Wirtschaftsleben, erhalten grundlegende Informationen und Handlungsanregungen.

The volume "Observed Global Climate" comprises a set of climate budget quantities, relevant for atmosphere and ocean (the "climate fluids") as well as for land and ice (the "climate solids"). Examples for budget quantities are temperature, salinity, wind, rain, radiation. They are displayed in standardised form for all climate subsystems. The data are arranged around the budget principle which is basic for the entire climate system. The book demonstrates that budgeting is not only a useful principle but also that "budget-thinking" has practically become state of the art in modern quantitative climatology. Examples include the global water budget (consistency of the components better than 10%) and the global energy budget (consistency better than 5%). The data are based on direct observations but have been subject to data assimilation. They are presented in gridded form and in form of maps and sections. The DVD carries the data, the original articles, figures in original colours, plus additional material like animations of the most important climate parameters and selected non-standard quantities. The gridded fields can be loaded by the user from the DVD into the personal computer.

Mathematical modeling of atmospheric composition is a formidable scientific and computational challenge. This comprehensive presentation of the modeling methods used in atmospheric chemistry focuses on both theory and practice, from the fundamental principles behind models, through to their applications in interpreting observations. An encyclopaedic coverage of methods used in atmospheric modeling, including their advantages and disadvantages, makes this a one-stop resource with a large scope. Particular emphasis is given to the mathematical formulation of chemical, radiative, and aerosol processes; advection and turbulent transport; emission and deposition processes; as well as major chapters on model evaluation and inverse modeling. The modeling of atmospheric chemistry is an intrinsically interdisciplinary endeavour, bringing together meteorology, radiative transfer, physical chemistry and biogeochemistry, making the book of value to a broad readership. Introductory chapters and a review of the relevant mathematics make this book instantly accessible to graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric sciences.