Should scientific congresses take place in connection with Olympic Games, and should science be represented not only in the form of applied science engaged in the care of athletes, but also as an informing, reflecting and critical authority? The Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXth Olympiad answered this question in the affirmative, and the results have justified this decision. The invitation sent out by the Organizing Committee was accepted by numerous eminent scholars and many participants from all over the world; it was their merit that the general topic of the congress could be discussed in manifold ways under various aspects and without prejudice. For this reason, they deserve our gratitude and appreciation. By now, the congress report has been completed. It is part of the total scientific concept which includes the preparatory publication, "The Scientific View of Sport Perspectives, Aspects, Issues," the congress itself and the present report; and, in close connection therewith, the exhibitions, "100 Years of German Excavation Work in Olympia," "Sport and Medicine" and the literary exhibition. It is to be hoped that this report will prove an important source of information and a stimulus for discussion among participants and scholars, students, teachers and coaches; and that it will safeguard the fruitful continuation of the work initiated by the Munich congress. Thanks are due to those who took pains in preparing this document. It will be an essential element within the framework of all that will remain of the Olympic Games of 1972."

progress and happiness - however these terms may be understood in detail - as a significant and constitutive element of scientific inquiry. In this sense the question of the way in which sport really benefits people and contributes to their happiness, and under which individual and social conditions, is a scientific question. It assumes special significance when the fact is taken into account that in the field of sport science a general scepticism is shown towards those dogmas and pedagogical theses which take such an interpretation for granted in the absence of a firm empirical foundation and a critically evolved theory. Sport and Sport Science Sport and exercise, physical culture and education in sport (physical training), gymnastics and touring combined with some form of sport are-as the present report distinctly shows-all over the world among the most striking social phenom ena of today. At first sight they seem to be uncomplicated, clear and comprehensible for everybody; they stand for a type of solidarity which is independent of differences in ideological-political outlook, and sometimes exhibit an almost archaic intensity and attraction; they are supported by the active participation or at least the interest of very many people in many parts of the world and are endued with specific func tions, varying in importance, of a medical (therapeutical, prophylactic, rehabilitative), pedagogical, psychological and social character."

Soll ein wissenschaftlicher Kongress in Verbindung mit den Olympischen Spielen stattfinden und Wissenschaft nicht nur als angewandte Wissenschaft in der Betreuung von Athleten vertreten sein, sondern auch als informierende, reflektierende und kritische Instanz? Das Organisationskomitee fur die Spiele der XX. Olympiade hat sich dafur entschieden, und das Ergebnis hat ihm recht gegeben. Der Einladung des Organisationskomitees sind viele hervorragende Wissen- schaftler und viele Teilnehmer aus der ganzen Welt nachgekommen; sie machten es moeglich, das Thema des Kongresses in vielfaltiger Weise unter verschiedensten Aspekten und unvoreingenommen-fair zu eroertern. Dafur ist allen zu danken. Nun liegt der Kongressbericht vor. Er ist ein Teil des wissenschaftlichen Gesamt- konzepts, zu dem das vorbereitende Werk, Sport im Blickpunkt der Wissenschaften, Perspektiven, Aspekte, Ergebnisse, der Kongress selbst und dieser Kongressbericht gehoeren, und in engem Zusammenhang damit die Ausstellungen 100 Jahre deutsche Ausgrabung in Olympia, Sport und Medizin und die Literaturausstellung. Es ist zu hoffen, dass dieser Bericht fur die Teilnehmer und die Wissenschaftler, Studenten, Lehrer und Trainer, die nicht teilnehmen konnten, eine wichtige Quelle von Informationen und Diskussionen wird und damit die fruchtbare Weiterent- wicklung des Munchener Kongresses sichert. Denjenigen, die sich der Muhe unter- zogen haben, dieses Dokument zu erstellen, ist zu danken. Im Rahmen dessen, was von den Olympischen Spielen 1972 bleibt, wird es ein wichtiges Teilstuck sein.