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Uncontrolled spreading of waste materials leads to health problems
and environmental damage. To prevent these problems a waste
management infrastructure has been set to collect and dispose of
the waste, based on a hierarchy of three principles: waste
prevention, recycling/reuse, and final disposal. Final disposal is
the least desirable as it causes massive emissions, to the
atmosphere, water bodies and the subsoil. The emission of methane
to the atmosphere is an important source of greenhouse gasses.
Organic waste therefore gets a lot of attention in waste
management, which for Europe can be illustrated by the issue of the
Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) and the Sewage Sludge Directive
(86/278/EEC). Proper treatment of organic waste may however turn
this burden into an asset. In particular, biological treatment may
help in developing more effective resource management and
sustainable development. The following advantages may be listed:
The greenhouse effect is tackled as methane emissions from
landfilling are prevented Soil quality can be restored or enhanced
by the use of compost in agriculture Compost may replace peat in
horticulture and home gardening, reducing greenhouse emissions and
wetland exploitation Anaerobic digestion has the additional benefit
of producing biogas that may be used as a fuel Pesticide use can be
reduced by proper use of the disease suppressive properties of
compost Resource Recovery and Reuse in Organic Solid Waste
Management disseminates at advanced scientific level the potential
of environmental biotechnology for the recovery and reuse of
products from solid waste. Several options to recover energy out of
organic solid waste from domestic, agricultural and industrial
origin are presented and discussed and existing economically
feasible treatment systems that produce energy out of solid waste
and recover useful by-products in the form of fertiliser or soil
conditioner are demonstrated. The potential of environmental
biotechnology is highlighted from different perspectives: societal,
technological and practical.
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