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Trauma has assumed a prominent role in contemporary medicine as an
event that can significantly influence clinical variables such as
morbidity, functional deficits and consequential disability, and
mortality. Trauma is the principal cause of death in the population
below 40 years of age in industrialized coun tries. Therefore,
there is great interest in studying traumatic events from both the
clinical and epidemiological viewpoints. The importance of trauma
is exem plified by the fact that in many countries the trauma
patient is first treated in specialized "trauma centers," in which
the diagnostic and treatment processes are facilitated by the
24-hour presence of personnel having interdisciplinary
competencies. Trauma in this context consists of any acute, often
unexpected, condition. Many of the medical difficulties associated
with trauma occur in a relatively brief period that spans from the
first call for help to the initiation of first aid measures. A
correct approach depends on the availability of experienced
personnel. The first measures of aid must guarantee, above all, the
patient's survival. The most critical, initial phases of care to
trauma patients are represented by the triad: first aid, triage,
and transport. Specific morbidity indices, whether anatomical, func
tional or mixed, are indispensable elements for monitoring a
patient's clinical evolution. The immediate availability of
"essential" drugs is imperative to con front the clinical
situations that often present in the acute post-traumatic phase."
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