The first International Conference on Horseshoe Crab's Conservation conducted at Dowling College, USA, (2007) and it's proceedings published by Springer in 2009, prompted the continued research and conservation efforts presented at subsequent conferences and colloquium in Hong Kong, Taiwan, (2011); San Diego, CA, (2014), (CERF); Japan, Sasebo (2015) and an accepted inclusion for a special session on Horseshoe Crabs at the 2017 CERF Conference held in Providence, RI, USA. All these aforementioned conferences contributed manuscripts, posters, workshop "position papers", and oral presentations the majority of which have not been published in total. In 2015, Carmichael et al. had published by Springer the majority of manuscripts from the 2011 Hong Kong / Taiwan conference. However, workshop results and all subsequent presentations and workshops were not. The Japan conference presented over 40 papers alone. A collection of all workshop summaries, poster presentations and new manuscript submittals (San Diego, CA; Sasebo, Japan; and Providence, RI) as well as products prepared for the IUCN World Congress in Hawaii, (2016), are included potential contributions for review in this compilation now available for global distribution in this Springer Nature publication.The "Proceedings of International Conferences on the Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs", thus contains over 50 manuscripts and a diversified collection of documents, photos and memorabilia covering all four of the horseshoe crab species globally: their biology, ecology evolution, educational, and societal importance. This book exposes the impacts that humans have imposed on all four of these species, revealing through the coordinated effort of horseshoe crab scientists with the IUCN, of the worldwide need for a clear conservative effort to protect these paleo- survival organisms from a looming extinction event. Biologists, conservationists, educators, and health professionals will all welcome this book not only for exploration of its pharmacological interest, but also for the mystery of their longevity. This book also clarifies the future research needs and the conservation agenda for the species worldwide. Anyone working or studying estuaries on a global scale, will need to obtain this seminal work on horseshoe crabs.

Every specialist, at present, is confronted with the fact that it is continually becoming more difficult to remain 'up to date'. The areas in which he must read are expanding while the individual publications are becoming greater in number, larger in content and appear more frequently. The choice of the subject was not easy. This time we have selected the pharmacological aspects of anaesthesiology as our main topic, as a continu ation of the Boerhaave course in 1971. Although we know that a drug works, the mechanism behind this action is of great importance. The pharmacokinetics and side effects of the drugs we administer affect not only our patients, but also ourselves, our children, and the personnel under our care. In a special section we draw attention to this subject. We fervently hope that this symposium will further enrich your knowledge of anaesthesia and that through this enrichment you will derive more pleasure from the profession you have chosen and that in the end this will lead to even better care and treatment of the patients entrusted to us. We wish to express our thanks to Prof. C. M. Conway, Dr. D. T. Popescu, and Prof. D. M. E. Vermeulen-Cranch for their assistance in the editing of some of the chapters in this book."

This book reflects the proceedings of the Boerhaave Course, "Developments in drugs used in Anaesthesia", held on r'lay 7th and 8th 1981 at Leiden University. The goal of the organizers of the course was to obtain a better under standing of the pharmacological and clinical applications of the drugs used in the field of Anaesthesiology. In my opinion, there is a constant need for post-graduate teaching not only on a clinical basis, but also in the so-called "basic sciences". This especially applies to anaesthetists. I would like to express my thanks to the speakers, who were all so kind as to send their manuscripts in time for publishing, and to thank the co-editors of this book, as well as rtr. B.P. Ccmnandeur, from r'lar tinus Nijhoff Publishers for their fruitful co-operation. Last but not least, I would like to thank the secretarial staff of my depar~ent for all the work they did arranging for manuscripts to be in the right places at the right times. Joh. Spierdijk THE USE OF H2 BLOCKERS T.H. STANLEY In the last decade a new important histamine receptor, H2 receptor, has been discovered which has major importance in gastric acid production. In addition, a new drug Cimetidine (Tagamet) which blocks the H2 receptor has been synthesized. The object of this presentation will be to discuss the possible role of this interesting drug (Cimetidine) before and during operation and possible postoperatively as well.

The desirability of quality-assay of ingestable or imbibable material has resulted in an established procedure in advanced countries. Testimony to its necessity was borne by the scandal of chateau-bottled Bordeaux crus classes a few years ago, a litigation instigated by the disillusioned consumers who either on the basis of absence of the expected inebriate state, or of the olfacto-gustatory caress by the bouquet or full-bodied lingering pharyngeal sensation, decided to strike a paranoid attitude, which ultimately proved to be justified. When one proceeds from sheer pleasure to dire necessity, the question of what happens to ingested medication assumes quite portentous features. Testimony is borne to this by the transitional stage, at which one is faced with the legal consequences of the basically illegal alcohol-respiration test, based on the relationship between the amount of ingested alcohol and the C Hs OH concentration in expired air or in venous blood, a wholly uncon 2 stitutional terror, in view of the Rome treaty signed by the Western coun tries, which says that nobody should be required to cooperate in procedures aimed at providing him guilty. On top of this, the lamentable fact is observ able, that among the professio nobile there are even those who took the oath of Hippocrates and lend their hands, not to cure (as they promised), but to perform a cubital vein puncture in order to prove someone, who is not their patient, guilty."

The first International Conference on Horseshoe Crab’s Conservation conducted at Dowling College, USA, (2007) and it’s proceedings published by Springer in 2009, prompted the continued research and conservation efforts presented at subsequent conferences and colloquium in Hong Kong, Taiwan, (2011); San Diego, CA, (2014), (CERF); Japan, Sasebo (2015) and an accepted inclusion for a special session on Horseshoe Crabs at the 2017 CERF Conference held in Providence, RI, USA. All these aforementioned conferences contributed manuscripts, posters, workshop “position papers�, and oral presentations the majority of which have not been published in total. In 2015, Carmichael et al. had published by Springer the majority of manuscripts from the 2011 Hong Kong / Taiwan conference. However, workshop results and all subsequent presentations and workshops were not. The Japan conference presented over 40 papers alone. A collection of all workshop summaries, poster presentations and new manuscript submittals (San Diego, CA; Sasebo, Japan; and Providence, RI) as well as products prepared for the IUCN World Congress in Hawaii, (2016), are included potential contributions for review in this compilation now available for global distribution in this Springer Nature publication.The “Proceedings of International Conferences on the Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs�, thus contains over 50 manuscripts and a diversified collection of documents, photos and memorabilia covering all four of the horseshoe crab species globally: their biology, ecology evolution, educational, and societal importance. This book exposes the impacts that humans have imposed on all four of these species, revealing through the coordinated effort of horseshoe crab scientists with the IUCN, of the worldwide need for a clear conservative effort to protect these paleo- survival organisms from a looming extinction event. Biologists, conservationists, educators, and health professionals will all welcome this book not only for exploration of its pharmacological interest, but also for the mystery of their longevity. This book also clarifies the future research needs and the conservation agenda for the species worldwide. Anyone working or studying estuaries on a global scale, will need to obtain this seminal work on horseshoe crabs.

Nachdem dies geschehen und eine ausreichende wissenschaftliche Unterlage fUr die Frakturlehre geschaffen war, konnte ich mir in der Auswahl des Abbildungs materials gr6Bere Beschrankung auferlegen. Von 696 ausgeschiedenen Abbil dungen sind deshalb nur 226 ersetzt worden. Mit den neu eingefiigten Ab bildungen wurde gemiW den Fortschritten der R6ntgentecbnik auch eine Ver besserung der Qualitat der R6ntgenbilder erstrebt. Diese kommt namentlich der Illustration der Wirbelsaulen-, Becken- und Scbenkelhalsfrakturen zugute. Textlich bat beinahe jeder Abschnitt dem Ausbau unserer Kenntnisse ent sprechende Umarbeitung erfahren. In der allgemeinen Frakturlehre babe icb der Drahtextension und der kombinierten Frakturbebandlung nach der Methode BOHLERS, der man jedocb nur unter bestimmten Einschrankungen zustimmen kann, die gebuhrende SteHung zugewiesen. Die von verschiedenen Seiten zu Unrecht abgelehnte operative Behandlung wurde besonders in ihren Voraus setzungen weiter ausgebaut. Zu der so segensreicben chirurgiscben Behandlung der offenen Frakturen und zu der aktuellen Frage der funktionellen Behand lung und Nachbehandlung konnte auf Grund neuerer Erfahrungen bestimmter Stellung genommen werden. 1m speziellen Teil wurden besonders die Abscbnitte Wirbel rakturen und Schenkelhalsfrakturen neu bearbeitet. Auch binsichtlich der Bebandlung aller ubrigen Frakturen wird man die Entwicklung der letzten Jahre, soweit sie durch ausreichende Erfahrung gesichert ist, geziemend berucksichtigt finden."