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The Challenge for Japanese Multinationals is about strategic issues
of modern management from the view of global business practice.
In the 2010 issue of Fortune Magazine's top 500 Multi-National
Corporations, the USA ranked number one with 139 companies. This
was followed with 71 companies in Japan and 149 in the EU.
With the maturing of the domestic market, Japanese MNCs - not only
in manufacturing industries but in non-manufacturing industries as
well, will continue to globalize, with overseas expansion
accelerating in emerging countries such as BRICs.
For the middle ear to maintain its most important function, sound
con duction, its pressure always needs to be kept around
atmospheric level. The eustachian tube has long been believed to be
the only organ playing the important role of pressure regulation of
the middle ear. However, several phenomena that cannot be explained
solely by reference to eustachian tube function have gradually
emerged. For instance, otitis media with effusion cannot always be
produced experimentally by selectively eliminating the ventilatory
function of the eustachian tube by excising the tensor veli pala
tini muscle and the hamulus pterygoideus. Also, most cases of
otitis media with effusion (OME) in children can heal in spite of
persistently poor tubal function even in the convalescent stage. In
recent decades, gas exchange in the middle ear, particularly
through the mastoid mucosa, has gradually come to light as another
ventilation or pressure-regulation system for the middle ear.
Although numbers of studies have revealed important information
about the physiology and patho physiology of this function, there
have been only a few studies related to gas exchange that directly
contributed to the field of clinical otology by clarifying the
pathogenesis of otitis media or to improving its treatment. One of
the biggest reasons for the paucity of studies appears to be lack
of an appropriate clinical method for assessing the gas exchange
function.
The Challenge for Japanese Multinationals is about strategic issues
of modern management from the view of global business practice. In
the 2010 issue of Fortune Magazine's top 500 Multi-National
Corporations, the USA ranked number one with 139 companies. This
was followed with 71 companies in Japan and 149 in the EU. With the
maturing of the domestic market, Japanese MNCs - not only in
manufacturing industries but in non-manufacturing industries as
well, will continue to globalize, with overseas expansion
accelerating in emerging countries such as BRICs.
For the middle ear to maintain its most important function, sound
con duction, its pressure always needs to be kept around
atmospheric level. The eustachian tube has long been believed to be
the only organ playing the important role of pressure regulation of
the middle ear. However, several phenomena that cannot be explained
solely by reference to eustachian tube function have gradually
emerged. For instance, otitis media with effusion cannot always be
produced experimentally by selectively eliminating the ventilatory
function of the eustachian tube by excising the tensor veli pala
tini muscle and the hamulus pterygoideus. Also, most cases of
otitis media with effusion (OME) in children can heal in spite of
persistently poor tubal function even in the convalescent stage. In
recent decades, gas exchange in the middle ear, particularly
through the mastoid mucosa, has gradually come to light as another
ventilation or pressure-regulation system for the middle ear.
Although numbers of studies have revealed important information
about the physiology and patho physiology of this function, there
have been only a few studies related to gas exchange that directly
contributed to the field of clinical otology by clarifying the
pathogenesis of otitis media or to improving its treatment. One of
the biggest reasons for the paucity of studies appears to be lack
of an appropriate clinical method for assessing the gas exchange
function."
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