Each chapter covers with solved examples, wherever possible and exercises have been given for practice. Some chapters like Quantum Mechanics, Properties of Magnetic Materials etc. contain extra materials for the sake of completeness. Also, a new topic Gauss Law and Its Applications has been added in chapter-29 under the heading 'Special Topics'.

Heliothis and Helicoverpa are the most important constraints to increasing the production and productivity of crops worldwide. They cause an estimated loss of US$5 billion, despite application of pesticides costing over US$1 billion annually. Therefore, there is a need to have a critical look at the available information to develop ecologically sound and economically feasible approaches for minimizing the losses due to these pests. This book covers various aspects of information on bio-ecology, temporal and spatial distribution, key mortality factors, population dynamics and early warning system, host plant resistance, mechanism and inheritance of resistance, introgression of resistance genes from closely related wild relatives of crops, transgenics, molecular marker-assisted selection, bio-control agents including natural enemies and bio-pesticides, natural plant products, chemical control and insecticide resistance management, and integrated management of Heliothis / Helicoverpa. An attempt has been made to pinpoint the gaps in our knowledge of Heliothis and Helicoverpa management and identify the areas for future research thrusts. infestations, it is imperative that we follow an integrated approach. This integration will involve agronomic and cultural management, host plant resistance, transgenics, biological control and judicious use of chemical pesticides. Many potential elements of Heliothis and Helicoverpa management described in this book will form the basis for minimizing the crop losses due to these pests, reduce pesticide application, thus resulting in sustainable crop production in future. This book will serve as a useful source of information for researchers, extension workers, research planners and administrators.