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Issues related to environmental protection and trade liberalization have moved to the forefront of international policy agendas. The Economics of International Trade and the Environment explores - from an economic standpoint - many of the questions that are germane in increasing our knowledge of environmental policy in the presence of international trade and trade policy in the presence of environmental externalities. Ultimately we must ask "What can economic theory tell us about the connections between environmental and trade policy?" This book uses the tools of game and microeconomic theory to analyze diverse issues such as: the effects of international trade in waste products on illegal disposal, the nature of environmental policy when market structure and plant locations are endogenous, and the issue of ecological dumping. The authors apply economic theory to practical settings to ascertain the extent to which this theory can inform policy decisions about problems at the interface of international trade and the environment. Edited by well-known researchers and authors, this is the only resource that can serve as an effective guide to the theoretical and empirical literature on international trade and the environment. The Economics of International Trade and the Environment provides comprehensive coverage on a wide variety of topics and contains the most recent contributions in this area and is suitable as a graduate course in Economics and International Trade
Since the very beginnings of economics as a science, which might be
dated from Ibn Khaldun's "Introduction to History" (1377), the
challenge of making societies escape from poverty and attain some
degree of prosperity has always been, and will remain, a
fundamental issue. It was and it is still recognized today that
this central venture is multi-faceted. Inasmuch as investment and
technical progress are central in the growth and development
process, many other dimensions must be taken into consideration,
such as institutions, the openness of the economy, the protection
of the environment. This book will presents cutting edge research
on each of these issues and features a preface from Ken Arrow.
"Genetically modified (GM) (or transgenic) crops are produced using
plant biotechnology to select desirable characteristics in plants
and transfer genes from one organism to another. As a result, crops
can survive under harsher conditions, costs are lowered, chemical
application is reduced, and yields are improved. Scientists are
introducing genes into plants that will give them resistance to
herbicides, insects, disease, drought and salt in the soil. The
application of modern biotechnology to crop and food production is
one of the most significant technological advances to impact modern
agriculture. The future of GM technology holds further promises of
continued benefits. But the potential of GM product innovations has
been overshadowed by significant controversy over this technology.
The regulatory activism that has accompanied the diffusion of GM
technology has given rise to a complex situation that is replete
with obstacles for current and future GM innovations. This is
particularly true for the European Union (EU), which has
implemented restrictive policies that undoubtedly constrain the
current status and the future potential of biotechnology. The
discourse on biotechnology applied to food and agriculture is at a
crossroads due to rising food prices and concerns about adequate
food supplies. Over the last decade a large body of applied
economics work has addressed the key questions surrounding the
application of this technology to food production. It is now time
to take stock of the results of these efforts, and consolidate the
methodological, analytical and empirical findings. The challenge is
to strengthen the consensus of what economics have to offer in the
analysis of the complex issues surrounding the ongoing development
of GM products for the agricultural and food sector. The task is,
to provide a new perspective on the most pressing policy questions
and to help foster an intellectual climate conducive to achieving
meaningful progress and lasting solutions. That is the motivation
for this volume. It brings together fresh insights from top
agricultural economists in the areas of consumer attitudes,
environmental impacts, policy and regulation, trade, investment,
food security, and development."
The process of Asia's rise to a position of eminence in global
finance has accelerated in the wake of the international financial
crisis, posing new opportunities and challenges to both the Asian
economies and the global financial and trade systems. This volume
represents a significant new endeavour to explore and understand
the dynamics created by this process of transition. Specifically,
it addresses the following four contemporary themes of the evolving
role of Asia in global finance: real and financial interactions
among economies and across markets, both within Asia and beyond;
regional monetary cooperation in Asia; the decoupling debate over
Asia's evolving economic and financial ties with major industrial
economies; and, the changing roles of domestic finance and capital
flows in the developing Asian economies. It sheds light on various
dimensions of Asia's economy and finance, ranging from business
cycles, exchange rate movements, regional policy coordination,
domestic financial development, capital flows, and financial market
behaviour. These analyses are pooled in a book that is a must read
for market participants, policymakers and academics alike.
Culture is not new to the study of migration. It has lurked beneath
the surface for some time, occasionally protruding openly into the
discussion, usually under some pseudonym. The authors of the papers
in this volume bring culture into the open. They are concerned with
how culture manifests itself in the migration process for three
groups of actors: the migrants, those remaining in the sending
areas, and people already living in the recipient locations. The
topics vary widely. What unites the authors is an understanding
that though actors behave differently, within a group there are
economically important shared beliefs (customs, values, attitudes,
etc.), which we commonly referred to as culture. Culture plays a
central role in our understanding of migration as an economic
phenomenon. While the papers in this volume occasionally touch on
this diversity and the conflicts it engenders, this is not the
focus of the volume. Here the emphasis is on the distinctions in
culture between migrants, the families they left behind, and the
local population in the migration destination. The new interactions
directly affect all three groups. Assimilation is one result;
separation is also a possibility. Location choice, workplace
interaction, enclave size, the opportunity for the migrant
obtaining credit in their new country, the local population's
reaction to migrants, the political culture of the migrants and
local population, links to the country-of-origin, and the economic
state of the host country, all contribute to the classic conflict
between assimilation and separation. This volume will consider
different aspects of the process of assimilation considering the
affect on the migrants themselves, on the local population, on the
families left at the home country and others.
The aim of the proposed volume will be to present new developments
in the methodology and practice of CGE techniques as they apply to
recent issues in international trade policy. The volume will be of
interest to academic researchers working in trade policy analysis
and applied general equilibrium, advanced graduate students in
international economics, applied researchers in multilateral
organizations, and policymakers who need to work with and interpret
the results of CGE analysis.
In recent years intellectual property rights (IPR) took on major
significance as an element of global trade regulation. The
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS) at the World Trade Organization (WTO) obliges member
countries to protect patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade
secrets. This mandate has great impact in developing nations, which
had generally weaker IPR standards prior to TRIPS and subsequent
agreements. This emerging international regime for protecting IPR
raises thorny questions about how the new rules of the game might
affect fundamental economic processes, including innovation, trade
and economic development.
The governments of many developing countries see the new regime as
excessively protectionist and an impediment to their development
prospects. They perceive potential problems with abusive monopoly
practices, high costs for new medicines, and limited access to
scientific and educational materials. Indeed, it is ironic that
during a time of significant global liberalization of trade and
investment barriers, the IPR system may be raising restrictions on
access to the very technology flows that could substantiate the
gains from greater trading opportunities.
However, expansion of the global IPR regime also bears potential
for economic gains. It is possible that the new system will
encourage additional investments in R&D and innovation. The
ongoing internationalization of commercial R&D could be
accelerated. Such investments might increasingly meet the medical,
agricultural, and educational needs of people in poor countries.
The regime could also improve the mechanisms under which new
information goods are transferredacross borders, expanding the
possibilities for fruitful diffusion of technologies.
The implications of these reforms will be far-reaching, complex and
hard to predict. It is possible, for example, that stronger patents
will simply redistribute incomes across nations, generating
significant winners and losers without much overall innovation
gains. It is also possible that R&D investments could become
more concentrated among the developed and newly industrialized
economies but bypass the poorer locations. Ultimately, all such
questions need close theoretical and empirical scrutiny.
In this volume several economists who are closely involved in such
analysis offer comprehensive and analytical literature surveys of
the central questions regarding the linkages between intellectual
property protection, international trade and investment, and
economic growth. The authors range widely over their particular
areas of inquiry. At the international level the contributions
cover such questions as policy coordination in IPR, dispute
resolution, markets for technology and technology transfer,
international innovation, parallel trade, and economic development.
On the regulatory side there are thoughtful reviews of the legal
foundations of IPR, knowledge creation and the public domain,
networks and standards, competition policy, access to essential
medicines, and agricultural research.
The contributions are aimed primarily at economists, who will find
ambitious and up-to-date treatments of the most central areas of
IPR and globalization. The chapters analyze recent literature,
discuss shortcomings and key findings, and indicate where
additional research is urgently needed. However, scholarsof other
disciplines, particularly in law, political science, and
international relations, will find much of interest as well. The
literature reviews also constitute a valuable resource for students
in all these fields who wish to learn more about the economics of
international IPR.
*Brings together fresh insights from top economists.
*Considers various aspects of IPRs in the global economy from
analytical and empirical perspectives.
*Areas covered include information technology, trade, investment,
agriculture, medicine, firm behavior, and development.
Issues related to environmental protection and trade liberalization
have moved to the forefront of international policy agendas. The
Economics of International Trade and the Environment explores -
from an economic standpoint - many of the questions that are
germane in increasing our knowledge of environmental policy in the
presence of international trade and trade policy in the presence of
environmental externalities. Ultimately we must ask "What can
economic theory tell us about the connections between environmental
and trade policy?" This book uses the tools of game and
microeconomic theory to analyze diverse issues such as: the effects
of international trade in waste products on illegal disposal, the
nature of environmental policy when market structure and plant
locations are endogenous, and the issue of ecological dumping. The
authors apply economic theory to practical settings to ascertain
the extent to which this theory can inform policy decisions about
problems at the interface of international trade and the
environment. Edited by well-known researchers and authors, this is
the only resource that can serve as an effective guide to the
theoretical and empirical literature on international trade and the
environment. The Economics of International Trade and the
Environment provides comprehensive coverage on a wide variety of
topics and contains the most recent contributions in this area and
is suitable as a graduate course in Economics and International
Trade
This edited volume is a collection of latest research findings on
topical issues in international trade theory and policy. The
chapters are contributed by well known academic economists around
the globe as a tribute to Professor Murray Kemp's 80th birthday.
They cover three broad areas of globalization and emerging issues
in international trade. The first part of the volume, containing
five chapters, deals with trade liberalization and outsourcing.
These chapters examine the role of the WTO, trade liberalization as
a game under uncertainty, a Chamberlinian-Ricardian model,
liberalization of government procurements, and outsourcing and
import restriction policies. The second part of the volume, also
containing five chapters, examines trading clubs and preferential
trading agreements. These chapters extend the original Kemp-Wan
proposition concerning customs unions in various directions. The
final part of this book consists of six chapters on various aspects
of trade and aid. These include a review of Kemp's contributions to
trade and welfare economics, gains from trade and refusal to trade,
increasing returns and oligopoly, tariff policy and foreign
economic aid, infrastructure aid and deindustrialization, and
environmental regulation and tourism.
Forecasting in the presence of structural breaks and model
uncertainty are active areas of recent research with crucial
implications for practical problems in forecasting. "Forecasting in
the Presence of Structural Breaks and Model Uncertainty" presents
findings from the recent literature and new findings in a way that
will be very useful to academic researchers and practitioners
alike.
Each chapter includes detailed empirical applications that
demonstrate the usefulness (and limitations) of different methods
for generating forecasts when structural breaks and model
uncertainty are of significant concern. The authors describe in
detail their methods and their results, and the data and programs
are made available on a web site devoted to the book. The volume
addresses forecasting variables from both Macroeconomics and
Finance, and considers many different methods of dealing with model
instability and model uncertainty when forming forecasts.
* Part of the "Frontiers in Economics and Globaliaztion"
series
* Authors are leading experts in the topics they survey and
extend
* Supported by a website detailing the data and programs used
The analysis of the transfer paradox has evolved primarily in the
context of traditional static models. However, given developments
in the policy arena as well in the discipline itself, there is a
need for further developments in the theoretical analysis of
foreign aid. For example, the impact of aid on saving, investment
and growth calls for an intertemporal framework. Development
spatial economics calls for introduction of the spatial dimension
to the analysis of foreign aid. Similarly, the potential role of
aid in conflict resolution, in improving the environment, in public
good (infrastructural) provision, in the globalization process, and
in the establishment of good governance are some of the issues that
also need serious attention.
On the empirical side, the issue of the effectiveness of aid; the
determinants of aid; the allocation criteria for aid; the
relationship between aid and trade, and aid and poverty remain as
important as ever.
This volume contains a comprehensive analysis of foreign aid from
both theoretical and empirical perspectives, written by leading
researchers in the field.
* Divided into two parts: Theory of Aid and Empirical Studies on
Aid
* Examines aid practices in a variety of countries and under a
variety of conditions
This is a new volume in the "Frontiers in Economics &
Globalization" series. This book deals with a wide-range of trade
and development issues in terms of well-known general equilibrium
structure. This volume shows how neo-classical models of trade
theory can be used to highlight many challenging contemporary
global problems. This book is a new volume in the "Frontiers in
Economics & Globalization" series. It deals with a wide-range
of trade and development issues. It focuses on neo-classical models
of trade theory to highlight the challenges of global trade
problems.
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