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Many educational tests use testlets as a way of providing context.
When testlet effect and item idiosyncratic features of individual
items are both considered to be the reasons of DIF in many
educational tests using testlets, it is interesting to investigate
the phenomena of DIF amplification and cancellation resulting from
the interactive effects of these two factors. This research
presented a study based on a multiple-group testlet item response
theory model to examine in detail different situations of DIF
amplification and cancellation at the item and testlet level using
testlet characteristic curve procedures with signed/ unsigned area
indices and logistic regression procedure. The testlet DIF model
was estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian framework with the
Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The simulation study investigated
all of the possible conditions of DIF amplification and
cancellation. Real data analysis indicated the existence of testlet
effect and its magnitudes of difference on the means and/or
variance of testlet distribution between manifest groups such as
gender or ethnicity.
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