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This book examines how international intelligence cooperation has
come to prominence post-9/11 and introduces the main
accountability, legal and human rights challenges that it poses.
Since the end of the Cold War, the threats that intelligence
services are tasked with confronting have become increasingly
transnational in nature - organised crime, the proliferation of
weapons of mass destruction and terrorism. The growth of these
threats has impelled intelligence services to cooperate with
contemporaries in other states to meet these challenges. While
cooperation between certain Western states in some areas of
intelligence operations (such as signals intelligence) is
longstanding, since 9/11 there has been an exponential increase in
both their scope and scale. This edited volume explores not only
the challenges to accountability presented by international
intelligence cooperation but also possible solutions for
strengthening accountability for activities that are likely to
remain fundamental to the work of intelligence services. The book
will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies,
security studies, international law, global governance and IR in
general.
This book examines how international intelligence cooperation has
come to prominence post-9/11 and introduces the main
accountability, legal and human rights challenges that it poses.
Since the end of the Cold War, the threats that intelligence
services are tasked with confronting have become increasingly
transnational in nature -- organised crime, the proliferation of
weapons of mass destruction and terrorism. The growth of these
threats has impelled intelligence services to cooperate with
contemporaries in other states to meet these challenges. While
cooperation between certain Western states in some areas of
intelligence operations (such as signals intelligence) is
longstanding, since 9/11 there has been an exponential increase in
both their scope and scale. This edited volume explores not only
the challenges to accountability presented by international
intelligence cooperation but also possible solutions for
strengthening accountability for activities that are likely to
remain fundamental to the work of intelligence services. The book
will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies,
security studies, international law, global governance and IR in
general.
This new book illustrates how democracy cannot develop or endure
unless military and security forces are under the full control of
democratic institutions, and all the necessary safeguards, checks
and balances are in place.
The contributors show how contemporary European states manage the
following issue: how does a society, primarily through its
legitimate, democratically elected political leaders and their
appointed officials, control the military, that same state
institution that has been established for its protection and wields
the monopoly of legitimate force?
Twenty-eight case studies are selected from key countries: the
Czech Republic, Germany, Georgia, France, Hungary, Ireland, Israel,
Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro,
Switzerland, and the Ukraine. The key subjects of these cases vary
from corruption to military incompetence, disobedience towards
civilian superiors, to unauthorized strikes and accidents. The
focus is on the relationship between political, civilian and
military actors while identifying problems and dangers that can
emerge in those relations to the detriment of effective and
legitimate democratic control.
This is essential reading for students of civil-military relations,
democratization, European politics and security studies in general.
Democracy is unlikely to develop or to endure unless military and
other security forces are controlled by democratic institutions and
necessary safeguards, checks and balances are in place.
The result of a 2-year research project managed under the auspices
of the European Group on Armed Forces and Society (ERGOMAS) and the
Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF),
this comparative study examines how contemporary European states,
both mature Western democracies and emerging democracies of
post-communist Europe, manage the issue of how best to control the
very institution that has been established for their protection and
wields the monopoly of legitimate force.
This volume contains 28 case studies from 14 countries: the Czech
Republic, Germany, Georgia, France, Hungary, Ireland, Israel,
Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro,
Switzerland, and the Ukraine. The studies cover a variety of
situation from corruption to military incompetence, disobedience
towards civilian superiors, lack of expertise among civilians, to
unauthorized strikes and accidents. They focus on the relationship
between political, civilian and military actors while identifying
problems and dangers that can emerge in those relations to the
detriment of effective and legitimate democratic control.
This book will be of much interest to students of Civil-Military
Relations, military sociology, IR and strategic studies.
The events of September 11, 2001 sharply revived governmental and
societal anxieties in many democratic countries concerning the
threats posed by terrorism, organized crime, the proliferation and
use of weapons of mass destruction, and other complex security
threats. In many countries, public discourse of subjects
traditionally considered part of social policy, such as immigration
and asylum, have been securitized, while intelligence services have
been granted greater resources and expanded powers. This
comprehensive volume discusses the various challenges of
establishing and maintaining accountable and democratically
controlled intelligence services, drawing both from states with
well-established democratic systems and those emerging from
authoritarian systems and in transition towards democracy. It
adopts a multidisciplinary and comparative approach, identifying
good practices to make security services accountable to society and
its democratic representatives. The volume will engage both
academics and practitioners in the discussion of how to anchor
these vital yet inherently difficult to control institutions within
a firmly democratic framework. As such, it has clear relevance for
these concerned with the control and oversight of intelligence and
security issues in many countries.
Given recent experiences with terrorism, clearly even the most
democratic societies have a legitimate need for secrecy. This
secrecy has often been abused, however, and strong oversight
systems are necessary to protect individual liberties. The
assembled authors, each well known in the international community
of national security scholars, bring together in one volume the
rich experience of three decades of experimentation in intelligence
accountability. Using a structured approach, they examine the
strengths and weaknesses of the intelligence systems of Argentina,
Canada, Germany, Norway, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, the
United Kingdom, and the United States. While these democracies have
experimented with methods to make intelligence more accountable,
they all have different political systems, political cultures,
legal systems, and democratic traditions, thereby presenting an
exceptional opportunity to examine how intelligence accountability
evolves under disparate circumstances. The contributors draw
together the best practices into a framework for successful
approaches to intelligence accountability, including a prescription
for a model law.
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