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Seven years after the first experiments in the new field of Nuclear
Physics, the Highly Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics, the
Nato-Advanced- Study-Institute on the 'Particle Production in
Highly Excited Matter' was held from July 12 till July 24, 1992, at
Il Ciocco, Castelvecchio Pascoli, near Lucca in Italy. The school
took place at a mo ment when intensive efforts are mounted by the
scientific community of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics to meet the
extraordinary challenge of the new upcoming physics opportunities.
The gold beams of 10 GeV A at Brookhaven AGS have been sent to the
experiments this Summer and we extent our congratulations to the
persons and teams who made this possible. The Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven is under construction and
expected to allow experiments to see collisions in the intersec
tion regions early 1998. The lead beams at the SPS at CERN
scheduled for summer 1994 are eagerly awaited by 6 large
experiments, and many scientists are planning the experiments at
the planned LHC with heavy ions to be turned on before the year
2000. Seen against this background of rather fierce activity, we
were most delighted when NATO accepted our application for an
Advanced Study Institute oriented to the main subject of this young
and dynamic field of research. We are very grateful to the
Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and Dr. L. DaCunha, the
director of the Advanced Study Institute program for giving our
community this opportunity.
The past decade has seen the development of the operational
understanding of fun damental interactions within the standard
model. This has detoured our attention from the great enigmas posed
by the dynamics and collective behavior of strongly interacting
particles. Discovered more than 30 years ago, the thermal nature of
the hadronic particle spectra has stimulated considerable
theoretical effort, which so far has failed to 'confirm' on the
basis of microscopic interactions the origins of this phenomenon.
However, a highly successful Statistical Bootstrap Model was
developed by Rolf Hagedorn at CERN about 30 years ago, which has
led us to consider the 'boiling hadronic matter' as a transient
state in the trans formation of hadronic particles into their
melted form which we call Quark-GIuon-Plasma (QGP). Today, we
return to seek detailed understanding of the thermalization
processes of hadronic matter, equipped on the theoretical side with
the knowledge of the fundamental strong interaction theory, the
quantum chromo-dynamics (QCD), and recognizing the im portant role
of the complex QCD-vacuum structure. On the other side, we have
developed new experimental tools in the form of nuclear
relativistic beams, which allow to create rather extended regions
in space-time of Hot Hadronic Matter. The confluence of these new
and recent developments in theory and experiment led us to gather
together from June 27 to July 1, 1994, at the Grand Hotel in
Divonne-Ies-Bains, France, to discuss and expose the open questions
and issues in our field.
Overview: Big Bang in the Laboratory; H.H. Gutbrod, J. Rafelski.
Physics of Relativistic Nuclear Collisions; I. Otterlund. Towards
the LHC; P. Giubellino. Hot Hadronic Matter: Fireball Spectra; U.
Heinz, et al. Quark Matter in Equilibrium; F. Karsch. Towards
Dynamical Theoretical Description: Cascade Models and Particle
Production; J. Cugnon. Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Flavor Flow;
L. Csernai, et al. Quark-Gluon Plasma Formation in
UltraRelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions; K. Geiger. Diagnostic
Methods and Recent Results: A Pedestrian's Guide to Particle
Interferometry; W.A. Zajc. Strangeness in Ultrarelativistic
NucleusNucleus Collisions; E. Quercigh. On the Trail of Quark-Gluon
Plasma; J. Rafelski. Epilogue: The Quark-Gluon Plasma; P.A.
Carruthers. 20 additional articles. Index.
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