For a long time in-work poverty was not associated with European welfare states. Recently, the topic has gained relevance as welfare state retrenchment and international competition in globalized economies has put increasing pressures on individuals and families. This book provides explanations as to why in-work poverty is high in certain countries and low in others. Much of the present concern about the working poor has to do with recent changes in labour market policies in Europe. However, this book is not primarily about low pay. Instead, it questions whether gainful employment is sufficient to earn a living - both for oneself and for one's family members. There are, however, great differences between European countries. This book argues that the incidence and structure of the working poor cannot be understood without a thorough understanding of each country's institutional context. This includes the system of wage-setting, the level of decommodification provided by the social security system and the structure of families and households. Combining cross-country studies with in-depth analyses from a national perspective, the book reveals that in-work poverty in Europe is a diverse, multi-faceted phenomenon occurring in equally diverse institutional, economic and socio-demographic settings. With its rich detail and conclusions, this genuinely comparative study will be of interest to academics and researchers of labour and welfare economics, social policy and European studies as well as to policy advisers.

First published in 1998, this books considers defining the concept of poverty as a collective issue through an empitrical view point on an international scale. Looking to define 'poverty' by compiling case studies by academics writing from viewpoints in a variety of individual countries.

First published in 1998, this books considers defining the concept of poverty as a collective issue through an empitrical view point on an international scale. Looking to define 'poverty' by compiling case studies by academics writing from viewpoints in a variety of individual countries.

Cross-National Comparative Research is concerned with observing social phenomena across countries, and with developing explanations for their similarities and differences. This Special Issue focuses on the use of Cross-National Comparative Research to study the effects of national and sub-national contexts on behaviors and attitudes of individual actors. Moreover, it is of interest how behaviors and attitudes at the individual level lead to national and sub-national outcomes at the meso and macro levels. How do immigration policies affect migrants' well-being? Does the number of divorcees in a country influence individual divorce risks? Are human values universal, or do they vary from one country to another? Under which conditions is political protest triggered, and when does it lead to revolutionary changes within society? These and other questions are typical of cross-national comparative analyses that seek to ascertain how upper-level (macro, meso) contexts influence micro-level phenomena, and how outcomes at the individual level are once more reflected at the meso and macro levels. Prof. Dr. Hans-Jurgen Andress, Prof. Dr. Detlef Fetchenhauer and Prof. Dr. Heiner Meulemann teach sociology and social psychology at the University in Cologne, Germany.

Many economic and social surveys are designed as panel studies, which provide important data for describing social changes and testing causal relations between social phenomena. This textbook shows how to manage, describe, and model these kinds of data. It presents models for continuous and categorical dependent variables, focusing either on the level of these variables at different points in time or on their change over time. It covers fixed and random effects models, models for change scores and event history models. All statistical methods are explained in an application-centered style using research examples from scholarly journals, which can be replicated by the reader through data provided on the accompanying website. As all models are compared to each other, it provides valuable assistance with choosing the right model in applied research. The textbook is directed at master and doctoral students as well as applied researchers in the social sciences, psychology, business administration and economics. Readers should be familiar with linear regression and have a good understanding of ordinary least squares estimation.

Many economic and social surveys are designed as panel studies, which provide important data for describing social changes and testing causal relations between social phenomena. This textbook shows how to manage, describe, and model these kinds of data. It presents models for continuous and categorical dependent variables, focusing either on the level of these variables at different points in time or on their change over time. It covers fixed and random effects models, models for change scores and event history models. All statistical methods are explained in an application-centered style using research examples from scholarly journals, which can be replicated by the reader through data provided on the accompanying website. As all models are compared to each other, it provides valuable assistance with choosing the right model in applied research. The textbook is directed at master and doctoral students as well as applied researchers in the social sciences, psychology, business administration and economics. Readers should be familiar with linear regression and have a good understanding of ordinary least squares estimation.

In recent decades the probability of divorce and separation among married and cohabiting couples has increased significantly in most European countries. Focusing on both economic and social aspects, this comprehensive volume explores the consequences of partnership dissolution at the individual level. The contributors use personal characteristics, properties of the partnerships and the institutional context to explain coping behaviours. The book comprises reports on eight countries, which have tentatively been classified as: 'the male breadwinner' (Belgium and Germany), 'the dual earner' (Denmark, Finland and Sweden), 'the market' (Great Britain) and 'the family' model (Spain and Greece). It also contains four cross-national comparative studies addressing the wider impacts of divorce, including labour force participation, residential mobility and housing, household income, and poverty and lifestyle deprivation. Complemented by the editors' authoritative introduction, this timely study will prove invaluable to graduate students and researchers interested in the economics and sociology of the family. Legal and public policy practitioners will also find the book an insightful addition to the current literature.

Gewinne macht man bei einer Scheidung nicht, so jedenfalls die landlaufige Meinung, und je nach Standpunkt sagen die einen, Manner seien die Verlierer, wahrend andere vor allem Frauen und Kinder als Benachteiligte sehen. Diese Untersuchung betrachtet die wirtschaftlichen Folgen von Trennung und Scheidung aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln: Wie verandern sich Einkommen, Wohnsituation und Erwerbsbeteiligung im Zusammenhang mit einer Trennung? In welcher Hohe und mit welcher Regelmassigkeit wird Unterhalt gezahlt? Wie wird das Rechtssystem zur Durchsetzung von Unterhaltsanspruchen genutzt? Welche Sozialleistungen werden in Folge einer Trennung in Anspruch genommen? Und wie verandert sich das subjektive Wohlbefinden nach Trennung und Scheidung? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen greifen die Autoren sowohl auf Befragungsdaten von Betroffenen als auch auf Informationen aus Expertengesprachen mit Familienrichtern, Scheidungsanwalten und anderen Sachverstandigen zuruck.

Mit Hilfe reprasentativer Bevolkerungsumfragen gehen die Autoren den Fragen nach, wer von Armut betroffen ist, welche Belastungen daraus fur die Betroffenen resultieren, ob sich ihre sozialen Netzwerke verandern und wie sie ihren Lebensunterhalt bestreiten bzw. alltagliche Probleme bewaltigen. Das Ausmass der Armut in Deutschland ist nicht unerheblich, aber auch nicht dramatisch gross. Die Belastungen fur die Betroffenen sind aber beachtlich. Trotzdem unterscheiden sie sich in ihren Bewaltigungsstrategien nicht wesentlich vom Rest der Bevolkerung."

Dieses Buch behandelt Modelle zur Analyse kategorialer Daten. Kategoriale Daten sind Variablen, die eine begrenzte Anzahl von Auspragungen (Kategorien) haben. Bei vielen der in Umfrageforschung und amtlicher Statistik erhobenen Merkmale handelt es sich um kategoriale Daten. Beispiele waren etwa das Geschlecht einer Befragungsperson, ihre Parteipraferenz, die Anzahl der Mitbewohner im Haushalt dieser Person, ihre Schichtzugehorigkeit und ahnliches mehr. In diesem Lehrbuch geht es um eine anwendungsorientierte Einfuhrung in die multivariate Analyse kategorialer Daten. Konkret werden vier Ansatze vorgestellt: die gewichtete Regression nach Grizzle, Starmer und Koch (GSK-Ansatz), die Klasse der log-linearen Modelle, die logistische Regression und die Analyse latenter Klassen."

Multivariate Analyseverfahren haben in den letzten Jahren einen gewaltigen Aufschwung in den Sozialwissenschaften erfahren. Die Vielfalt der Methoden ist fur den Forschungs- praktiker kaum noch zu uberblicken. Mit diesem Buch wird der Versuch unternommen, ein allgemeines Modell statistischer Datenanalyse vorzustellen, das mehrere multivariate Analyseverfahren als Spezialfall enthiilt. Dazu ziihlen die klassischen Anwendungen der Regressions-, Varianz- und Kovarianzanalyse, aber auch verschiedene Methoden zur Ana- lyse von kreuztabellierten Daten (log-lineare und logistische Modelle, GSK-Ansatz). Dieses verallgemeinerte lineare Modell wurde von NELDER und WEDDERBURN (1972) vorgeschlagen. Fur praktische Auswertungen mit diesem Ansatz steht das Programmpaket GUM zur Verfugung, das von der Numerical Algorithms Group vertrieben wird. Bisher sind sowohl der statistische Ansatz als auch das Programm G LIM in der Forschungspraxis nur sehr zogernd aufgenommen worden. Das liegt sicherlich zum groBen Teil daran, daB der Grad der statistischen Formalisierung relativ hoch und der Umfang der Programm- dokumentation relativ gering ist. Vor allem fehlt es an konkreten Beispielen, wie man mit einem Datensatz z. B. eine Regressionsanalyse oder ein log-lineares Modell berechnet.