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In the early twenty-first century, trauma is seemingly everywhere,
whether as experience, diagnosis, concept, or buzzword. Yet even as
many scholars consider trauma to be constitutive of psychological
modernity or the post-Enlightenment human condition, historical
research on the topic has overwhelmingly focused on cases, such as
World War I or the Holocaust, in which Western experiences and
actors are foregrounded. There remains an urgent need to
incorporate the methods and insights of recent historical trauma
research into a truly global perspective. The chapters in Traumatic
Pasts in Asia make just such an intervention, extending
Euro-American paradigms of traumatic experience to new sites of
world-historical suffering and, in the process, exploring how these
new domains of research inform and enrich earlier scholarship.
In the early twenty-first century, trauma is seemingly everywhere,
whether as experience, diagnosis, concept, or buzzword. Yet even as
many scholars consider trauma to be constitutive of psychological
modernity or the post-Enlightenment human condition, historical
research on the topic has overwhelmingly focused on cases, such as
World War I or the Holocaust, in which Western experiences and
actors are foregrounded. There remains an urgent need to
incorporate the methods and insights of recent historical trauma
research into a truly global perspective. The chapters in Traumatic
Pasts in Asia make just such an intervention, extending
Euro-American paradigms of traumatic experience to new
sites of world-historical suffering and, in the process, exploring
how these new domains of research inform and enrich earlier
scholarship.
International Relations in Psychiatry: Britain, Germany, and the
United States to World War II addresses a crucial period in the
history of psychiatry by examining the transfer of conceptual,
institutional, and financial resources and the migration of
psychiatrists between Britain, the United States, and Germany. The
decades around 1900 were crucial in the evolution of modern medical
and social sciences, and in the formation of various national
health services systems. The modern fields of psychiatry and mental
health care are located at the intersection of these spheres. There
emerged concepts, practices, and institutions that marked responses
to challenges posed by urbanization, industrialization, and the
formation of the nation-state. These psychiatric responseswere
locally distinctive, and yet at the same time established
influential models with an international impact. In spite of rising
nationalism in Europe, the intellectual, institutional and material
resources that emerged in thevarious local and national contexts
were rapidly observed to have had an impact beyond any national
boundaries. In numerous ways, innovations were adopted and
refashioned for the needs and purposes of new national and local
systems. International Relations in Psychiatry: Britain, Germany,
and the United States to World War II brings together hitherto
separate approaches from the social, political, and cultural
history of medicine and health care and argues that modern
psychiatry developed in a constant, though not always continuous,
transfer of ideas, perceptions, and experts across national
borders. Contributors: John C. Burnham, Eric J. Engstrom, Rhodri
Hayward, Mark Jackson, Pamela Michael, Hans Pols, Volker Roelcke,
Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach, Mathew Thomson, Paul J. Weindling, Louise
Westwood Volker Roelcke is Professor and Director at the Institute
for the History of Medicine, Giessen University, Germany. Paul J.
Weindling is Professor in the History of Medicine, Oxford Brookes
University, UK. Louise Westwood is Honorary Research Reader,
University of Sussex, UK.
Until recently, receiving a European or North American-style
medical education in Southeast Asia was a profoundly transformative
experience, as western conceptions of the body differed
significantly from indigenous knowledge and explanatory frameworks.
Further, European and North American conceptions of the human body
had to be translated into local languages and related to vernacular
views of health, disease, and healing. This process of medical
translation developed in the context of colonialism, which sought
to remake colonized societies in a multitude of ways. The
contributors to this volume chart and analyze the organization of
western medical education in Southeast Asia, public health
education campaigns in the region, and the ways in which
practitioners of what came to be conceived of as "traditional
medicine" in many Southeast Asian countries organized themselves in
response. This volume uses "translating the body" as shorthand to
call attention to the processes through which medical ideas,
practices, and epistemologies are formulated in pedagogical
contexts, processes involving both interpretation and transmission.
Translation here is a linguistic but also a cultural operation, and
in approaching medical education, the book follows recent work in
translation studies that underscores the translation not merely of
words but of cultures.
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