The purpose of this study is to chronicle the lives of African Americans who were at Fort Boonesborough. We limited the scope of our narrative to the years the fort stood, 1775 and 1784. Fort Boonesborough is one of Kentucky's most historic places. It was the wilderness outpost of Richard Henderson's Transylvania Company and, for a few years, was home to Daniel Boone. Due to Boone's involvement, few places in early Kentucky have been so well documented and written about. It will surprise no one to learn that the early records and subsequent historical accounts mainly involve the white males who settled there. There are biographical sketches for Monk Estill, the "black Indian" Pompey, Frederick Hart, John Sidebottom, and others less well known. Our work identifies only a fraction of the pioneer African Americans of Kentucky. Many more deserve to be remembered and commemorated.

This history covers six generations of the Barnard family in America beginning with Jonathan Barnard, immigrant and Revolutionary War veteran from Massachusetts. Jonathan later resided in Hancock County, Tennessee, where many Barnards still reside. Five of Jonathan's great-grandsons were sentenced to hang for the murder of Henley Sutton in 1889. Dubbed the "Bad Barnard Boys," they were later pardoned by the governor. My great-grandfather changed his name and left Hancock County to get away from the troubles there; Sidney Charles Barnard settled in Montgomery County, Kentucky, where he leaves a large number of descendants.

Unusual place names evoke a sense of mystery and wonder. How did a place come to be called the "Wolf Pen" or the "Shot Factory"? Where in the world were the "Indian Old Fields" and "Brandenburg's Mill"? Researching these names often reveals fascinating stories about local history, families, events, and politics. Clark County, Kentucky is blessed with many such interesting places. The articles in this book are collected from a column in the Winchester Sun called "Where in the World? " Each article describes an historic place or person in Clark County, some well known, some not so well known. The articles were written for the Bluegrass Heritage Museum in hopes of fostering an interest in local history and the Museum. This book is intended to do the same. This work includes 62 articles that appeared in the Sun between September 6, 2007 to June 3, 2016. A few articles were updated for this publication after additional information became available.

Over 50 significant prehistoric and historic archaeological sites have been identified in the Indian Old Fields area of Clark County, Kentucky. These date from 8000 B.C. to A.D. 1800. Several of these sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Indian Old Fields was the one-time home of Shawnee chief Catahecassa (Black Hoof), the reputed site of John Finley's trading post, as well as Eskippakithiki, one of the last Indian towns in what is now Kentucky. Pioneers who explored the Indian Old Fields area in 1775 reported evidence of old buildings, Indian fortifications, mounds and extensive areas that had been cultivated, which they took to be corn fields. These pioneers gave sworn statements about what they saw and directed the locations to be laid down by survey. They testified that a place they called the "gateposts" appeared to have been the area most recently occupied by the Indians.

The Kerr Building encompasses two separate buildings: the S. P. Kerr Business Block and the Eclipse Mills. George Taylor and Leslie Webster put up the Eclipse Mills in about 1867. Smith Kerr erected the Business Block in 1889. After serving as a prominent business house in Winchester for over a century, in the late 1990s the Kerr Building fell into disrepair and was in danger of being razed. The Blue Grass Trust for Historic Preservation placed the Kerr Building on its 1999 list of most endangered buildings in the region, what it called "11 in their 11th hour." Mayor Dodd Dixon, deciding something needed to be done, obtained two grants from Renaissance Kentucky totaling $500,000. Mark Bailey & Associates of Louisville purchased the building, restored the exterior and renovated the interior for commercial space on the ground floor and senior citizen housing above. 70 pp, illustrated

John Halley's journals provide the earliest first-hand accounts of the voyage down the Kentucky, Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. Halley supplies insightful accounts of what became one of Kentucky's major early industries-shipping goods and produce by flatboat to the port of New Orleans-and he does so almost at the birth of that industry, just two years after Gen. James Wilkinson's inaugural trip in 1787. Although rivermen often suffered at the hands of Native Americans and Spanish officials, Halley seems to have gotten along well with everyone he met. He describes every encounter and tells of shooting the rapids at the Falls of Ohio (Louisville), getting stuck on a sandbar, breaking his steering oar, almost losing one of the men in a pile of driftwood, and many other adventures. He was a keen observer and comments on hunting and fishing along the way, local flora and fauna, weather and river conditions, settlements, and notable landmarks. 52 pp, illustrated

George Weddle operated a gristmill on Muddy Creek from the early to mid-1800s. The mill stood about two miles from the Kentucky River, near the road from Richmond to Jackson's Ferry. The establishment played a prominent role in the local community for nearly a century. The gristmill produced flour and cornmeal for nearby farmers, as well as for a distillery, and a stagecoach stop brought travelers by the tavern to sample the house whiskey. The mill was a county landmark until it was destroyed by a fire in 1971. Several concerns operated at the site at various times, including Douglas' Mill, Weddle's Mill, Walden's Distillery, Ogg's Mill and Griggs' Mill. Cassius Marcellus Clay, that most colorful member of Kentucky's most illustrious family, owned the mill for sixteen years. 54 pp.

The author was one of many reluctant soldiers who served in the Vietnam War. Drafted out of graduate school and trained in the infantry, he spent a year with the 101st Airborne. This work is a journal of the experience, a day to day description of what it was like in a "grunt unit" fighting in the Central Highlands, dealing with the heat, the bugs, the rain, the endless patrolling in the villages and mountains, the ever present boredom and occasional violence. It's not all exciting action but it's always real.

No one played a more important role in the settlement of Clark County than Capt. William "Billy" Bush. Born in Orange County, Virginia, Billy came out with Daniel Boone in 1775, resided for a time at Fort Boonesborough, then spent the rest of his life living a few miles from the fort. He thus became one of the first permanent settlers in Kentucky. He thus became one of the first permanent settlers in Kentucky. He fought in the "Indian Wars" from the Battle of Point Pleasant (1774) to General Harmar's defeat (1790). Billy was also a key figure in establishing Providence Baptist Church, the first church in Clark County. Their place of worship-the Old Stone Church-is now the oldest church on Kentucky soil. Billy Bush laid claim to thousands of acres of land between Winchester and the Kentucky River, and Daniel Boone ran the surveys for him. This land became the foundation of the Bush Settlement. 392 pages, indexed

No one played a more important role in the settlement of Clark County than Capt. William "Billy" Bush. Born in Orange County, Virginia, Billy came out with Daniel Boone in 1775, resided for a time at Fort Boonesborough, then spent the rest of his life living a few miles from the fort. He thus became one of the first permanent settlers in Kentucky. He thus became one of the first permanent settlers in Kentucky. He fought in the "Indian Wars" from the Battle of Point Pleasant (1774) to General Harmar's defeat (1790). Billy was also a key figure in establishing Providence Baptist Church, the first church in Clark County. Their place of worship-the Old Stone Church-is now the oldest church on Kentucky soil. Billy Bush laid claim to thousands of acres of land between Winchester and the Kentucky River, and Daniel Boone ran the surveys for him. This land became the foundation of the Bush Settlement. 392 pages, indexed

This history of George and William Redmon presents evidence for the Virginia origin of the Redmon family of Kentucky and for the military service of George and William during the Revolutionary War. It also establishes a connection between the Redmons from the counties of Bourbon, Clark, Harrison, and Montgomery by providing proof that the progenitors of these families, George and William Redmon, were brothers who settled on Flat Run in Bourbon County in about 1786. Finally, it lays out the family record of the descendants of George and William Redmon compiled from a variety of documents. The most valuable sources for this purpose have been census data, cemetery records, county marriage records, Kentucky vital statistics (birth and death indexes) and newspaper obituaries.

John Martin was a pioneer of Clark County, Kentucky, where he lived on Lower Howard's Creek. John had been a blacksmith in Goochland County, Virginia, where he married Rachel Pace. He owned a small farm there before moving to Ballenger Creek in what is now Fluvanna County. John and Rachel were the parents of thirteen children. In the late 1780s, the parents and children moved to Kentucky. John settled on a hillside farm in an area then known as the Bush Settlement. John now has descendants too numerous to count, some still in Clark County, the others spread all over. Our John Martin has been confused with a number of other men of the same name, and their deeds have been conflated to create a mythical man. One goal of this work is to provide a fully documented history of the life of John Martin of Lower Howard's Creek. Illustrated, indexed.

John C. Enoch was born in 1859 in Champaign County, Ohio, near the town of West Liberty. When he was eleven years old, John's parents, William D. and Ann Eliza Enoch, moved the family to Coshocton, Ohio. In 1879 John married Emma Shaw of Coshoction. In about 1888, they moved to Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, where John opened a general merchandise store-Enoch's Bargain House. Shortly thereafter he started a factory manufacturing fiber lunch boxes-the Novelty Lunch Box Co. This successful business expanded into the manufacture of cotton jersey work gloves. The glove business flourished until it was sold in 1956. John died unexpectedly in 1910 of blood poisoning following an operation. This work tells the story of John and his family in letters and other documents and includes detailed genealogical charts of his ancestors and descendants.

Barzilla R. Shaw (1836-1935) was born in a log cabin near Coshocton, Ohio, and died in that city at the age of 99. He lived to see his little town grow from 250 inhabitants to a city of 12,000. Barzilla was a farmer, merchant, Civil War veteran, local civic leader, and devoted family man. When he died he was the oldest resident of the city and the oldest Civil War veteran in Ohio. Although he quit school to make his own way at age 14, Barzilla left a wealth of written material. He submitted numerous editorial letters and poems to the local newspaper, kept daily journals at various periods, filled notebooks with biographical sketches, poems, lists of local Civil War veterans, family trees and much more. A collection of these writings was assembled for this book, including a "Biographical Sketch of My Life," a list of Coshocton businesses in the year 1854, a Shaw family tree, an annotated transcription of his Civil War diary, family photographs, and much more. Indexed.

During his visit to the western country from Virginia in 1775, John Howard staked out land claims on two tributaries of the Kentucky River-one a few miles upstream from Fort Boonesborough, the other just downstream from the fort. These tributaries came to be known as Upper Howard's Creek and Lower Howard's Creek. John Howard, the pioneer who gave his name to these Clark County creeks, later settled near Lexington in Fayette County and died there at the age of 103. His home place, the plantation known as "Howard's Grove," was located on the now-legendary Gainesway Farm. 74 pp., illus., indexed

Brothers Henry Enoch and Enoch Enoch came to Virginia before 1750, settling on the sparsely populated frontier west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Their Virginia years were defined by the French and Indian War (1755-1763) and their close association with young George Washington. By 1757, their children had begun to explore more westerly lands, where they ultimately resettled with their families in what is now Washington County, Pennsylvania. Henry Jr., David, and Enoch Enoch were among the first "over the mountain men," settling west of the Allegheny Mountains by 1767. Their Pennsylvania years were defined by the Revolutionary War (1775-1783) and the Indian Wars (1786-1795). By the turn of the century, the Enochs began looking west again, this time to the more promising lands of Ohio.

Fort Boonesborough is one of Kentucky's most historic places and, although seldom mentioned in popular accounts, women were there from the very beginning. This work includes 195 women whose presence at the fort can be reasonably documented by historical evidence. The time period was limited to the years between 1775, when the fort was established, and 1784, when the threat of Indian attack at Boonesborough had subsided and the fort's stockade walls had been taken down. The names of the female children these pioneer women brought to the fort are also included, as they shared the risks and hardships of frontier life. The work includes a Historical Sketch describing the women's experiences at the fort and a Biographical Section that gives a brief personal history of each woman. 174 pp., illus., indexed, paper.

With the end of the Revolutionary War, the United States not only gained independence from the British Empire but also secured control of a sizable territory west of the Allegheny Mountains. Native Americans of the Ohio River Valley refused to accept claims of the fledgling nation and militantly resisted white settlements in their homelands. Constant border strife turned into open war in the spring of 1791. The Shawnee, emboldened by their defeat of General Josiah Harmar the previous autumn, crossed the Ohio River and struck the settlement of Ohio County (West) Virginia and Washington County, Pennsylvania. Affair at Captina Creek describes in stirring detail a little-known incident of this turbulent time on the American Frontier. Following the massacre of several young girls in Washington County, a company of frontier rangers was dispatched from Ryerson's Station to nearby Baker's Fort with the intention of retaliation. Baker's Fort stood on the Ohio River in what is now Marshall County, West Virginia. As the rangers tracked the warriors down Captina's winding path, little did they know that they were walking into an ambush from which many would not return. Enoch has researched and reconstructed the events using original documents and information gained during his travels through the region. Personal testimonies of those who survived the Battle of Captina Creek have been combined with second-hand accounts of other settlers, contemporary newspaper articles, excerpts from the biography of General Duncan McArthur and the Lyman Draper Manuscripts. Photographs, illustrations, detailed maps, and a full name index add to the value of this work.

The Grimes Mill complex and the nearby Grimes House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Charles Grimes' merchant mill was originally built to manufacture wheat for export to New Orleans. The business continued under various owners for over 100 years. The mill ceased operating in 1928 and since that time has served as headquarters for the Iroquois Hunt Club. This book tells the story of the men and women who built and tended the mill, the various commercial enterprises carried on in its shadow, and the outside events that swirled around it. The work is divided into seven sections. Chapter 1 defines the physical setting on Boone Creek and introduces the Grimes family. Chapter 2 details the process leading up to the mill's construction. Chapter 3 describes the mill-related structures as they were built and as they appear today. Chapter 4 covers the early years of mill operation (1807-1837), Chapter 5 the middle years (1837-1887), Chapter 6 the late years (1887-1928), and Chapter 7 the Iroquois Hunt Club years (1928 to present). Appendices include a glossary of mill-related terms, public records of the mill, Grimes family history, and a list of the mill's owners. The book also contains a list of further reading material, copious notes, a fullname plus subject index, and many new and archival illustrations. Henry Enoch is a veteran Heritage Books author. His other Heritage Books about Kentucky include In Search of Morgan's Station and Affair at Captina Creek.

Unusual place names evoke a sense of mystery and wonder. How did a place come to be called "Barefoot" or "Battle Row"? Where in the world were the "Sycamore Forest" and "Blue Ball"? Researching these names often reveals fascinating stories about local history, families, events, and politics. Clark County, Kentucky is blessed with many such interesting places. The articles in this book are collected from a column in the Winchester Sun called "Where in the World?" Each article describes an historic place name in Clark County, some well known, some not so well known. The articles were written for the Bluegrass Heritage Museum in hopes of fostering an interest in local history and the museum. This book is intended to do the same. This work includes one hundred articles that appeared in the newspaper between January 6, 2005 and August 23, 2007. A few of the articles were updated for this publication when additional information became available.

Creating and maintaining roads has long been the duty of Kentucky county courts. Actions by the court establishing new roads and modifying existing roads are referred to as "road orders." Careful study of a county's roads offers insight into the social and economic development of the county. The collection of road orders recorded in Clark County Order Books describes the expansion of the road network throughout the county-where roads were located, when they were opened and when they were changed. In addition, road orders are a rich source of individual names and early place names-villages, watercourses, churches, schools, mills, etc. The "Road Book," located in the county clerk's office at the courthouse in Winchester, is an index to all the road orders in Clark County Order Books. It gives a description of the road, the date of the first order, and the order book and page numbers where the road orders can be found.

The Deposition Book at the Clark County Courthouse contains the testimony of pioneers recorded in land actions between 1795 and 1814. The present work provides annotated transcriptions of the book's 222 depositions, plus explanatory material that includes a description and location of 112 tracts of land, 235 biographical sketches of the individuals involved and 45 place name descriptions. A brief explanation of Kentucky's land grant system is also included, as well as a full name index. The depositions contain a wealth of historical material along with a treasure-trove of genealogically important data. Particularly noteworthy are six depositions by Daniel Boone. We can examine Boone's own account of the naming of Lulbegrud Creek and the rescue of the Boone-Calloway girls after their capture by a band of Shawnees. The deponents include well-known figures in early Kentucky-Boone, George Rogers Clark, Michael Stoner, John "Wildcat" McKinney-and Clark County's earliest settlers.

This work focuses on the first-hand accounts of men and women who came to Clark County, Kentucky during the early settlement period, 1775-1800. The accounts are drawn from the interviews conducted by Rev. John D. Shane with aging pioneers in the 1840s and 50s. To make their stories accessible to modern readers, thirty-two interviews and one memoir were transcribed from microfilm and explanatory material was added. They describe their adventures coming out to this new country, America's first western frontier, and many recounted their clashes with Indians, often in graphic detail. Shane recorded their stories in plain language that includes a wealth of valuable information about everyday life in the wilderness that was then Kentucky.