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In 2014, the CSIS Europe and Southeast Asia Programs embarked on a
two-year initiative to create a new and enduring EU-U.S.
collaborative mechanism to enhance transatlantic Asia-Pacific
policy coordination and understanding. This report is the
culmination of this two-year study and presents the findings of the
research while also offering actionable recommendations for U.S.
and EU policymakers.
This report offers a reexamination of U.S. Army posture in Europe
amid heightened tensions between the United States and Russia over
the geopolitical orientation of Ukraine. This study reviews Russian
military capabilities; considers alternative U.S. force posture
arrangements; assesses how to determine whether assurance and
deterrence goals are being met; and offers concrete recommendations
in order to optimize the U.S. Army's presence in Europe to deter
Russian aggression against the most vulnerable NATO members.
Arctic Economics in the 21st Century explores the key economic
dynamics at play in the rapidly changing Arctic region. This report
evaluates both the economic benefits of an increasingly open Arctic
region and the costs of exploring the riches of the American
Arctic. It frames an economic strategy built upon six critical
economic components: mineral resources, oil and gas development,
shipping, fisheries, tourism, and finally, the regional
infrastructure required to support and sustain the first five
components. The report analyzes the increasingly prominent role of
the private sector in Arctic development and its interplay with the
potentially diminished traditional role of governments in the
region.
Since World War II, the Arctic has been a region of geostrategic
importance to the United States. As unprecedented environmental
transformation occurs in the Arctic, this region will increase in
significance. When historians look back at this critical
opportunity to develop U.S. Arctic policy, we do not want the
question to be posed, "Who lost the Arctic?" but rather, "How did
the United States win the Arctic?" Crafting U.S. policy toward the
Arctic, however, is a complex and challenging undertaking. Arctic
policy must respond to the economic, environmental, security, and
geopolitical concerns that confront the region. When the Barack
Obama administration came into office in January 2009, it accepted
and left unchanged the recently adopted Arctic strategy of the
George W. Bush administration. In its second term, it is now time
for the Obama administration to enhance U.S. Arctic policy by
updating and prioritizing National Security Presidential Directive
66/Homeland Security Presidential Directive 25 (NSPD-66/HSPD-25),
improving interagency cooperation, enhancing U.S. international and
public diplomacy related to the Arctic, and increasing the focus of
senior U.S. officials. These activities must begin now if the
United States is to prepare for and fully maximize its chairmanship
of the Arctic Council beginning in 2015.
In July 2018, CSIS embarked on a major analytical assessment that
centered on the following research question: What will be the
strategic consequences for the United States by 2050 if America's
two near-peer military competitors, China and Russia, continue to
develop their long-term economic and security interests in the
Arctic, but the United States does not? Russia's growing economic
and military ambitions in the Arctic, as well as China's increased
physical presence in the region, underscore that both nations have
long-term strategic designs for the Arctic region. Data analysis,
satellite imagery, and scenario development all demonstrate the
continued growth of Russian and Chinese presence in the Arctic and
heighten the sense of stasis in the U.S. military and economic
presence. Unless the United States wishes to lose access to
portions of the Arctic and have increasingly diminished
capabilities to defend and deter attack against the homeland, the
United States must return to the Arctic.
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