This book is one of the publications of the bilateral Egyptian-Italian research project "Intercultural Relations between East and West from the 11th to 21st century" funded by Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) and the National Research Council (CNR) (2019-2021). The book previews some of the research presented in the 2nd international webinar organised by the project in May 2021 entitled "Art, Culture and Trade as Evidence of Bonds between East and West: 11th to 21st century". In that webinar, researchers from Italian, Egyptian, Hungarian and Belgian Universities highlighted some topics focusing on intercultural bonds between the Western and the Islamic worlds. In the book, we have chosen to deal with multi-layer concepts such as "Identity", "Otherness", "Diversity" and "Minorities" declined in the relationships between East and West.