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This book contains contributions by world leaders in their fields
and includes chapters dedicated to the structural analysis of
glycans from different sources, and information related to the
glycan functions in different biological process: the role of
glycosaminoglycans in intercellular communication, polysaccharides
as antiviral molecules, the immunomodulatory properties of helminth
glycans, the role of glycans in Drosophila development, and the
importance of mannoproteins for fungal biology.
The fungal cell wall is a shield that protects the cells against
changes in the extracellular environment, and from the high
internal pressure generated during cell growth. These protective
attributes are associated with cell wall robustness and strength,
but at the same time the wall has to be plastic and dynamic to
allow cell growth and communication with the external environment.
The main components of the cell wall are sugars, proteins and
lipids. Sugars are the most abundant components of the wall, and
are mostly present as polysaccharides of glucose (alpha- and
beta-glucans), N-acetylglucosamine (chitin), and glucosamine
(chitosan). Most of the cell wall proteins are glycoproteins
modified by a glycolipid and/or oligosaccharides covalently
attached to asparagine (N-linked glycosylation) or serine/threonine
residues (O-linked glycosylation). These wall proteins play
important roles in cell wall integrity and structure, sensing
changes in the extracellular environment, and some of them have
adhesive properties and hydrolytic activities.
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