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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were high hopes of
Russia's "modernisation" and rapid political and economic
integration with the EU. But now, given its own policies of
national development, Russia appears to have limits to
integration'. Today, much European political discourse again evokes
East/West civilisational divides and antagonistic geopolitical
interests in EU-Russia relations. This book provides a carefully
researched and timely analysis of this complex relationship and
examines whether this turn in public debate corresponds to
local-level experience -- particularly in border areas where the
European Union and Russian Federation meet. This multidisciplinary
book - covering geopolitics, international relations, political
economy and human geography - argues that the concept limits to
integration' has its roots in geopolitical reasoning; it examines
how Russian regional actors have adapted to the challenges of
simultaneous internal and external integration, and what kind of
strategies they have developed in order to meet the pressures
coming across the border and from the federal centre. It analyses
the reconstitution of Northwest Russia as an economic, social and
political space, and the role cross-border interaction has had in
this process. The book illustrates how a comparative regional
perspective offers insights into the EU-Russia relationship: even
if geopolitics sets certain constraints to co-operation, and market
processes have led to conflict in cross-border interaction, several
actors have been able to take initiative and create space for
increasing cross-border integration in the conditions of Russia's
internal reconstitution.
First published in 1999, this book examines the construction of new
political, economic and mental borders in post-Cold War Europe.
Various national and regional settings are analyzed along the old
East-West divide. In post-Cold War Europe the East-West divide no
longer exists in the form of the clear-cut Iron Curtain, separating
two security blocs, two politico-economic systems, and two
ideologically and culturally distinct worlds. Still, it remains
clearly discernible, both in the form of unrelenting
politico-cultural differences and as an economic Golden Curtain. At
the same time, a more complicated system of intersecting political,
economic and mental borders keeps developing. Today, there are
various scales of interaction, which produce distinctive national,
regional and local experiences of borders. In this book, the
construction of new political, economic and mental borders is
analysed by specialists from both sides of the former East-West
divide. The future of European borders is discussed in various
national and regional settings, from the Barents Region in the
North to the Old Habsburgian lands in 'Mitteleuropa'.
First published in 1999, this book examines the construction of new
political, economic and mental borders in post-Cold War Europe.
Various national and regional settings are analyzed along the old
East-West divide. In post-Cold War Europe the East-West divide no
longer exists in the form of the clear-cut Iron Curtain, separating
two security blocs, two politico-economic systems, and two
ideologically and culturally distinct worlds. Still, it remains
clearly discernible, both in the form of unrelenting
politico-cultural differences and as an economic Golden Curtain. At
the same time, a more complicated system of intersecting political,
economic and mental borders keeps developing. Today, there are
various scales of interaction, which produce distinctive national,
regional and local experiences of borders. In this book, the
construction of new political, economic and mental borders is
analysed by specialists from both sides of the former East-West
divide. The future of European borders is discussed in various
national and regional settings, from the Barents Region in the
North to the Old Habsburgian lands in 'Mitteleuropa'.
It is widely recognized that the performance and development of
firms are heavily influenced by their environment and that the
conditions that prevail in the local or regional milieu seem to be
particularly important. Furthermore, the fact that economic,
entrepreneurial and innovative activities tend to agglomerate at
certain places, leading to patterns of national and regional
specialization, is increasingly seen to give important insights
into the very process of firm competitiveness and industrial
transformation. Drawing on other literature and case study material
from selected industries, and elaborating on key concepts such as
firms and competencies, industries and industrial systems, and
competitiveness and prosperity, the authors set out to answer some
broad research questions such as what is competition about in
today's economy, and how is the performance of firms and industries
related to space and place?; why do geographical areas (local
milieus, cities, regions, countries) specialize in particular types
of economic activity?; and why do patterns of specialization, once
in place, tend to be so tremendously durable?
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were high hopes of
Russia's "modernisation" and rapid political and economic
integration with the EU. But now, given its own policies of
national development, Russia appears to have 'limits to
integration'. Today, much European political discourse again evokes
East/West civilisational divides and antagonistic geopolitical
interests in EU-Russia relations. This book provides a carefully
researched and timely analysis of this complex relationship and
examines whether this turn in public debate corresponds to
local-level experience - particularly in border areas where the
European Union and Russian Federation meet. This multidisciplinary
book - covering geopolitics, international relations, political
economy and human geography - argues that the concept 'limits to
integration' has its roots in geopolitical reasoning; it examines
how Russian regional actors have adapted to the challenges of
simultaneous internal and external integration, and what kind of
strategies they have developed in order to meet the pressures
coming across the border and from the federal centre. It analyses
the reconstitution of Northwest Russia as an economic, social and
political space, and the role cross-border interaction has had in
this process. The book illustrates how a comparative regional
perspective offers insights into the EU-Russia relationship: even
if geopolitics sets certain constraints to co-operation, and market
processes have led to conflict in cross-border interaction, several
actors have been able to take initiative and create space for
increasing cross-border integration in the conditions of Russia's
internal reconstitution.
Bjllrn Tore Godal Norwegian Ambassador to Germany Chairman of the
Editorial Advisory Board Several of the contributions to the
present volume of The NEBI Yearbook have been inspired by the fact
that roughly speaking, ten years have passed since the first steps
were taken to initiate cross-border co-operation in the Barents and
Baltic Sea areas. One of the most important co-operative
organisations in the European Northeast, i. e. The Council of the
Baltic Sea States, was launched in 1992. The Barents Euro Arctic
Council was established in 1993. An avalanche of co-operative and
cross-border initiatives has since hit this part of Europe with all
kinds of actors participating - states, regional and municipal
authorities, univer sities, national organisations, businesses and
private interests. Even international organisations and actors from
outside the immediate NEBI area have taken a special interest in
this dynamic part of the world. Among the most important is the
European Union, whose Finnish-inspired Northern Dimension
initiative has become a permanent fixture. As many of the chapters
in NEBI 2003 testifY, integration in the NEB I area - across old
political and ideological borders and cultural and socio-economic
divides that are among the most pronounced anywhere in the world -
has on the whole been a great success."
Europe's space is in a flux. Earlier cores and peripheries in
Europe are experiencing a profound transformation. The driving
forces include, amongst others, Western European economic and
political integration, and Eastern European transition. We are also
witnessing fundamental technological and organisational
restructuring of industrial systems. Information technology and
telecommunications are rapidly altering the requisites for
comparative advantage. Peripherality is being determined more by
access to networks than by geographical location. Economies of
scale can be attained in distributed networks of production with
good access to markets as well as in large agglomerations. Clearly,
these changes also call for new perspectives in regional analysis.
This book derives its impetus from an Advanced Summer institute in
Regional Science which was arranged in Joensuu, Finland, in 1993
under the auspices of the European Regional Science Association.
Some of the papers, which were discussed at the institute, were
thoroughly revised for the present purpose. In addition, chapters
on specific topics were specially written for the volume. In most
contributions, the focus is on the Nordic countries and their
internal peripheries. They form a particularly interesting case in
assessing prospects for the multi-faceted centre-periphery
confrontation in Europe.
This is the fifth volume of The NEBI Yearbook, whose aim it is to provide a balanced picture of integration in the North European and Baltic Sea areas. The special focus of NEBI 2003 is to survey the lessons learned and the experience gained as a result of a decade of intensive pan-Baltic and Barents co-operation made possible as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Like the previous volumes, NEBI 2003 contains a unique Statistical Section covering the entire NEBI area.
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