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As people spend increasing proportions of their daily lives using
social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, they are being invited
to support myriad political causes by sharing, liking, endorsing,
or downloading. Chain reactions caused by these tiny acts of
participation form a growing part of collective action today, from
neighborhood campaigns to global political movements. Political
Turbulence reveals that, in fact, most attempts at collective
action online do not succeed, but some give rise to huge
mobilizations--even revolutions. Drawing on large-scale data
generated from the Internet and real-world events, this book shows
how mobilizations that succeed are unpredictable, unstable, and
often unsustainable. To better understand this unruly new force in
the political world, the authors use experiments that test how
social media influence citizens deciding whether or not to
participate. They show how different personality types react to
social influences and identify which types of people are willing to
participate at an early stage in a mobilization when there are few
supporters or signals of viability. The authors argue that
pluralism is the model of democracy that is emerging in the social
media age--not the ordered, organized vision of early pluralists,
but a chaotic, turbulent form of politics. This book demonstrates
how data science and experimentation with social data can provide a
methodological toolkit for understanding, shaping, and perhaps even
predicting the outcomes of this democratic turbulence.
As people spend increasing proportions of their daily lives using
social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, they are being invited
to support myriad political causes by sharing, liking, endorsing,
or downloading. Chain reactions caused by these tiny acts of
participation form a growing part of collective action today, from
neighborhood campaigns to global political movements. Political
Turbulence reveals that, in fact, most attempts at collective
action online do not succeed, but some give rise to huge
mobilizations--even revolutions. Drawing on large-scale data
generated from the Internet and real-world events, this book shows
how mobilizations that succeed are unpredictable, unstable, and
often unsustainable. To better understand this unruly new force in
the political world, the authors use experiments that test how
social media influence citizens deciding whether or not to
participate. They show how different personality types react to
social influences and identify which types of people are willing to
participate at an early stage in a mobilization when there are few
supporters or signals of viability. The authors argue that
pluralism is the model of democracy that is emerging in the social
media age--not the ordered, organized vision of early pluralists,
but a chaotic, turbulent form of politics. This book demonstrates
how data science and experimentation with social data can provide a
methodological toolkit for understanding, shaping, and perhaps even
predicting the outcomes of this democratic turbulence.
This important new work updates the arguments of Christopher Hood's
classic work "The Tools of Government" for the twenty-first
century. Revised and updated throughout and drawing its examples
from a wide range of places and contexts, it includes substantially
increased coverage of how government gets information and an
assessment of how the tools available to government have changed
over time--especially with new developments in digital
technologies.
Leading political scientists address the challenges faced by democracy in the 21st century. The contributors tackle the changing nature of democratic ideas, in particular equality in society and the satisfaction of citizens. They examine changing patterns of political involvement, from voting to new forms of participation and protest using the Internet and new technologies. Finally, they look at the challenge to democracy posed by the changing nature of state institutions: party systems, bureaucracy and e-government, regulation and the processes of institutional development.
This book explores the unintended and unanticipated effects
associated with 'modernization' projects and tackles the key
question that they provoke - why do policy-makers persist in such
enterprises in the face of evidence that they tend to fail?
Paradoxes of Modernization first discusses what is meant by
'modernization' and 'unintended consequences', placing public
policy reform within more general intellectual and social trends.
It presents eight case study 'modernization' projects. Their
architects promised faster trains, a more efficient and reactive
health service, a more motivated public service, better performing
local government, enhanced information for prospective US
university students, reduced rates of child malnutrition in
developing countries, and a free, open, safe, interconnected
cyberspace for people to conduct their social and political life.
Each case provides a neat story with a paradox that varies the
modernization theme and tackles the question: why was the project
pursued? The conclusion categorizes the cases in terms of their
outcome, from success to disappointment, and suggests some
strategies for a more balanced version of modernization for current
and future policy-makers
This book explores the unintended and unanticipated effects
associated with 'modernization' projects and tackles the key
question that they provoke - why do policy-makers persist in such
enterprises in the face of evidence that they tend to fail?
Paradoxes of Modernization first discusses what is meant by
'modernization' and 'unintended consequences', placing public
policy reform within more general intellectual and social trends.
It presents eight case study 'modernization' projects. Their
architects promised faster trains, a more efficient and reactive
health service, a more motivated public service, better performing
local government, enhanced information for prospective US
university students, reduced rates of child malnutrition in
developing countries, and a free, open, safe, interconnected
cyberspace for people to conduct their social and political life.
Each case provides a neat story with a paradox that varies the
modernization theme and tackles the question: why was the project
pursued? The conclusion categorizes the cases in terms of their
outcome, from success to disappointment, and suggests some
strategies for a more balanced version of modernization for current
and future policy-makers.
Government information systems are big business (costing over 1 per
cent of GDP a year). They are critical to all aspects of public
policy and governmental operations. Governments spend billions on
them - for instance, the UK alone commits L14 billion a year to
public sector IT operations.
Yet governments do not generally develop or run their own systems,
instead relying on private sector computer services providers to
run large, long-run contracts to provide IT. Some of the biggest
companies in the world (IBM, EDS, Lockheed Martin, etc) have made
this a core market. The book shows how governments in some
countries (the USA, Canada and Netherlands) have maintained much
more effective policies than others (in the UK, Japan and
Australia). It shows how public managers need to retain and develop
their own IT expertise and to carefully maintain well-contested
markets if they are to deliver value for money in their dealings
with the very powerful global IT industry.
This book describes how a critical aspect of the modern state is
managed, or in some cases mismanaged. It will be vital reading for
public managers, IT professionals, and business executives alike,
as well as for students of modern government, business, and
information studies.
Government information systems are big business (costing over 1 per
cent of GDP a year). They are critical to all aspects of public
policy and governmental operations. Governments spend billions on
them - for instance, the UK alone commits GBP14 billion a year to
public sector IT operations. Yet governments do not generally
develop or run their own systems, instead relying on private sector
computer services providers to run large, long-run contracts to
provide IT. Some of the biggest companies in the world (IBM, EDS,
Lockheed Martin, etc) have made this a core market. The book shows
how governments in some countries (the USA, Canada and Netherlands)
have maintained much more effective policies than others (in the
UK, Japan and Australia). It shows how public managers need to
retain and develop their own IT expertise and to carefully maintain
well-contested markets if they are to deliver value for money in
their dealings with the very powerful global IT industry. This book
describes how a critical aspect of the modern state is managed, or
in some cases mismanaged. It will be vital reading for public
managers, IT professionals, and business executives alike, as well
as for students of modern government, business, and information
studies.
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