The volume contains 17 papers by archaeologists, historians and linguists who met at the University of Jena in October 2006 to compare the state of research in their particular disciplines on the early history of Thuringia. Here it became clear that in many respects the findings of historians and archaeologists cannot be reconciled with each other. The material finds made in Thuringia cannot easily be attributed to the early Thuringians as presented in the written records.