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This book explores the battleground between neoliberal capitalist
development processes in Latin America and the challenges to these
systems that can be found through innovative community-driven buen
vivir/vivir bien initiatives. In the current climate of worldwide
capitalist development, Latin America is caught between
left-leaning proposals for progressive policies towards a more
inclusive form of development, and the re-emergence of harsh
austerity measures, neoliberal reforms and right-wing populism.
Divided into two parts, this book first provides a retrospective
analysis of the advance of resource-seeking ‘extractive’
capital across the continent since the 1990s. The second part goes
on to focus on forward-looking challenges to neoliberal capitalist
development, focusing in particular on the indigenous notion of
buen vivir/vivir bien – the concept of ‘living well’ in
social solidarity and harmony with nature. Drawing on cases in
Mexico and Venezuela, the book argues that it will be through these
new approaches to social change that we will move beyond
development as we know it towards a more inclusive form of
‘postdevelopment’. Looking hopefully towards this future of
development, this collection offers an essential analysis of the
vortex of social change currently consuming Latin America and will
be key reading for advanced scholars and researchers in the fields
of Development Studies, Latin America Studies, Politics, and Social
Change.
This book analyses the progress and failures of capitalist
development against the backdrop of an increasingly globalised
world economy organised on neoliberal principles. It brings
together eminent writers on the political economy of international
development such as Kari Polanyi-Levitt, Norman Girvan, Osvaldo
Sunkel, Paul Bowles, Manfred Bienefeld and Walden Bellos, to
examine from a critical perspective the contemporary dynamics of a
system in crisis--issues of capitalist development and
globalization within the neoliberal world order. The essays,
written in tribute to Surendra Patel for his contribution to the
field of development studies, cover subjects including the
financial crisis of 2008, the regional dynamics of neoliberal
globalization, democracy and development, the political economy of
natural resource extraction, and the formation of a postneoliberal
state oriented towards a new economic model. Drawing on an analysis
of the development process in the Caribbean, Latin America, Africa
and the Philippines, it considers the historical foundations that
impact on economic growth and technological transformation, and
evaluates the relationship between capital and the state, and the
role of NGOs and social movements in the context of the debate on
neoliberal globalization. Development in an Era of Neoliberal
Globalization will be of interest to students and scholars of
international politics and economic development, the political
economy of globalisation, the sociology and politics of
development, and developments in Latin America and the Caribbean.
This book investigates how extractive capitalism has developed over
the past three decades, what dynamics of resistance have been
deployed to combat it, and whether extractivism can ever be
transformed into being a part of a progressive development path. It
was not until the 21st century that the extraction of natural
resources and raw materials took on a decidedly capitalist form,
with the global north extracting primary commodities from the
global south as a means of capital accumulation. This book
investigates whether extractivism, despite its well-documented
negative and destructive socioenvironmental impacts and the
powerful forces of resistance that it has generated, could ever be
transformed into a sustainable post-development strategy. Drawing
on diverse sectoral forms of extractivism (mining, fossil fuels,
agriculture), this book analyses the dynamics of both the forces of
resistance generated by the advance of extractive capital and
alternate scenarios for a more sustainable and liveable future. The
book draws particularly on the Latin American experience, where
both the propensity of capitalism towards crisis and the
development of resistance dynamics to 'extractive' capital have had
their greatest impact in the neoliberal era. This book will be of
interest to researchers and students across development studies,
economics, political economy, environmental studies, indigenous
studies, and Latin American affairs.
This book explores the battleground between neoliberal capitalist
development processes in Latin America and the challenges to these
systems that can be found through innovative community-driven buen
vivir/vivir bien initiatives. In the current climate of worldwide
capitalist development, Latin America is caught between
left-leaning proposals for progressive policies towards a more
inclusive form of development, and the re-emergence of harsh
austerity measures, neoliberal reforms and right-wing populism.
Divided into two parts, this book first provides a retrospective
analysis of the advance of resource-seeking ‘extractive’
capital across the continent since the 1990s. The second part goes
on to focus on forward-looking challenges to neoliberal capitalist
development, focusing in particular on the indigenous notion of
buen vivir/vivir bien – the concept of ‘living well’ in
social solidarity and harmony with nature. Drawing on cases in
Mexico and Venezuela, the book argues that it will be through these
new approaches to social change that we will move beyond
development as we know it towards a more inclusive form of
‘postdevelopment’. Looking hopefully towards this future of
development, this collection offers an essential analysis of the
vortex of social change currently consuming Latin America and will
be key reading for advanced scholars and researchers in the fields
of Development Studies, Latin America Studies, Politics, and Social
Change.
This book explores the dynamics of the recent 'progressive cycle'
in Latin American politics, associated with a red and pink tide of
regime change. With this cycle of centre-left regimes oriented
towards an alternative post-neoliberal form of development now
coming to an end, coinciding with the end of a 'primary commodities
boom' (the demand for natural resources exported in primary form on
the world market), the authors seek to explore the dynamics of the
transition from a progressive cycle of regimes oriented towards the
search for a more inclusive form of development towards what
appears to be another swing in the pendulum of electoral politics
towards the far right and a return to neoliberal orthodoxy. Within
the vortex of forces of change pushing towards both the Left and
the Right, Latin America lies at the centre of ongoing heated
theoretical and political debates as to how to bring about a more
inclusive and sustainable form of post-neoliberal and
post-capitalist development. Latin America in the Vortex of Social
Change crucially aims to cut through these debates and explore the
dynamics of the forces of change at work in the current conjuncture
of capitalist development. With reference to a theoretical
framework based on the interaction of three different forms of
capitalism (capitalism as usual, extractive capitalism,
narco-capitalism), the authors proceed to an analysis of the
development and resistance dynamics of the development process that
is unfolding on the Latin American political landscape. The book
will appeal to scholars of political sociology and political theory
with an interest in the political economy of development and Latin
American affairs.
This completely revised and updated sequel to Globalization and
Antiglobalization advances our understanding of the dynamics of
neoliberal globalization and draws our attention towards efforts to
construct 'another world' beyond neoliberalism. To advance our
understanding of these forces and associated processes, the
collection brings together eleven specialists in the political
economy of international relations and globalization to reflect on
and analyze the diverse dimensions of the globalization process.
Taking into account significant developments in the dynamics of
globalization and antiglobalization over the past years, it
includes a new introduction and a new conclusion as well as eight
entirely new chapters contributed by authors as diverse and
different in their perspectives as James Petras, Walden Bello,
Norman Girvan, Paul Bowles, Terry Gibbs, Lisa Thompson and Teivo
Teivainen. These dynamics are contextualized with essays on the
Caribbean, Latin America, East Asia and Southern Africa. This is an
invaluable volume for students, academics and activists concerned
with creating a truly new world order.
Collectively documents and analyses economic, political, social and
environmental crises and the need to find alternatives to the
system that generates them. Each contributor supplements their
overview with a guide to the critical development studies
literature on the topic thereby providing scholars and students
with a precis of the key issues as well as a window into essential
further readings. Provides a timely and necessary analysis of the
systemic changes that are needed to transform the current world to
one where economic and social justice and environmental integrity
prevail.
We live in a time of dynamic, but generally regressive regime
change-a period in which major political transformations and a
rollback of a half-century of legislation are accelerated under
conditions of a prolonged and deepening economic crisis and a
worldwide offensive against the citizenry and the working class.
Written by two of the world's leading left-wing thinkers,
Imperialism and Capitalism in the Twenty-First Century takes the
form of a number of analytical probes into some of the dynamics of
capitalist development and imperialism in contemporary conditions
of a system in crisis. It is too early to be definitive about the
form that capitalism and imperialism -and socialism-might be or is
taking, as we are in but the early stages of a new developmental
dynamic, the conditions of which are too complex to anticipate or
grasp in thought; they require a closer look and much further study
from a critical development and Marxist perspective. The purpose of
this book is to advance this process and give some form to this
perspective.
The world is at the crossroads of social change, in the vortex of
forces that are bringing about a different world, a post-neoliberal
state. This groundbreaking book lays out an analysis of the
dynamics and contradictions of capitalism in the twenty-first
century. These dynamics of forces are traced out in developments
across the world - in the Arab Spring of North Africa and the
Middle East, in Cuba and elsewhere in Latin America, in the United
States, and in Asia. The forces released by a system in crisis can
be mobilized in different ways and directions. The focus of the
book is on the strategic responses to the systemic crisis. As the
authors tell it, these dynamics concern three worldviews and
strategic responses. The Davos Consensus focuses on the virtues of
the free market and deregulated capitalism as it represents the
interests of the global ruling class. The post-Washington Consensus
concerns the need to give capital a human face and establish a more
inclusive form of development and global governance. In addition to
these two visions of the future and projects, the authors identify
an emerging radical consensus on the need to move beyond capitalism
as well as neoliberalism.
This book explores the dynamics of the recent 'progressive cycle'
in Latin American politics, associated with a red and pink tide of
regime change. With this cycle of centre-left regimes oriented
towards an alternative post-neoliberal form of development now
coming to an end, coinciding with the end of a 'primary commodities
boom' (the demand for natural resources exported in primary form on
the world market), the authors seek to explore the dynamics of the
transition from a progressive cycle of regimes oriented towards the
search for a more inclusive form of development towards what
appears to be another swing in the pendulum of electoral politics
towards the far right and a return to neoliberal orthodoxy. Within
the vortex of forces of change pushing towards both the Left and
the Right, Latin America lies at the centre of ongoing heated
theoretical and political debates as to how to bring about a more
inclusive and sustainable form of post-neoliberal and
post-capitalist development. Latin America in the Vortex of Social
Change crucially aims to cut through these debates and explore the
dynamics of the forces of change at work in the current conjuncture
of capitalist development. With reference to a theoretical
framework based on the interaction of three different forms of
capitalism (capitalism as usual, extractive capitalism,
narco-capitalism), the authors proceed to an analysis of the
development and resistance dynamics of the development process that
is unfolding on the Latin American political landscape. The book
will appeal to scholars of political sociology and political theory
with an interest in the political economy of development and Latin
American affairs.
This completely revised and updated sequel to Globalization and
Antiglobalization advances our understanding of the dynamics of
neoliberal globalization and draws our attention towards efforts to
construct 'another world' beyond neoliberalism. To advance our
understanding of these forces and associated processes, the
collection brings together eleven specialists in the political
economy of international relations and globalization to reflect on
and analyze the diverse dimensions of the globalization process.
Taking into account significant developments in the dynamics of
globalization and antiglobalization over the past years, it
includes a new introduction and a new conclusion as well as eight
entirely new chapters contributed by authors as diverse and
different in their perspectives as James Petras, Walden Bello,
Norman Girvan, Paul Bowles, Terry Gibbs, Lisa Thompson and Teivo
Teivainen. These dynamics are contextualized with essays on the
Caribbean, Latin America, East Asia and Southern Africa. This is an
invaluable volume for students, academics and activists concerned
with creating a truly new world order.
Offering a systematic, critical analysis of the presidency of
Fernando Cardoso, this ambitious case study assesses government
policies within the framework of the 'new economic model' of
globalization and structural adjustment. Petras and Veltmeyer argue
that Cardoso paved the way for what amounted to the takeover of a
large and important part of Brazil's economy by foreign investors.
The authors discuss the neoliberal model of capitalist development,
the privatization of key sectors and enterprises, the human cost of
structural adjustment, and the search for a community-based form of
local development. The crisis in agriculture and the dynamic
responses of the country's rural landless workers precipitated the
rise of Brazil's populist new president, Lula, whom the authors
charge has started down the same path as his predecessor.
Globalization has changed the context for, and the organizational
forms of, politics, unleashing forces in support of, and in
opposition to, the globalization dynamic. Investigating the
dynamics of change and development in two regions of the world
economy, Latin America and Asia, this book evaluates these forces,
their political dynamics, and the responses of governments and
citizens.
We live in a time of dynamic, but generally regressive regime
change-a period in which major political transformations and a
rollback of a half-century of legislation are accelerated under
conditions of a prolonged and deepening economic crisis and a
worldwide offensive against the citizenry and the working class.
Written by two of the world's leading left-wing thinkers,
Imperialism and Capitalism in the Twenty-First Century takes the
form of a number of analytical probes into some of the dynamics of
capitalist development and imperialism in contemporary conditions
of a system in crisis. It is too early to be definitive about the
form that capitalism and imperialism -and socialism-might be or is
taking, as we are in but the early stages of a new developmental
dynamic, the conditions of which are too complex to anticipate or
grasp in thought; they require a closer look and much further study
from a critical development and Marxist perspective. The purpose of
this book is to advance this process and give some form to this
perspective.
The Class Struggle in Latin America: Making History Today analyses
the political and economic dynamics of development in Latin America
through the lens of class struggle. Focusing in particular on Peru,
Paraguay, Chile, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela, the
book identifies how the shifts and changing dynamics of the class
struggle have impacted on the rise, demise and resurgence of
neo-liberal regimes in Latin America. This innovative book offers a
unique perspective on the evolving dynamics of class struggle,
engaging both the destructive forces of capitalist development and
those seeking to consolidate the system and preserve the status
quo, alongside the efforts of popular resistance concerned with the
destructive ravages of capitalism on humankind, society and the
global environment. Using theoretical observations based on
empirical and historical case studies, this book argues that the
class struggle remains intrinsically linked to the march of
capitalist development. At a time when post-neo-liberal regimes in
Latin America are faltering, this supplementary text provides a
guide to the economic and political dynamics of capitalist
development in the region, which will be invaluable to students and
researchers of international development, anthropology and
sociology, as well as those with an interest in Latin American
politics and development.
This book analyses the progress and failures of capitalist
development against the backdrop of an increasingly globalised
world economy organised on neoliberal principles. It brings
together eminent writers on the political economy of international
development such as Kari Polanyi-Levitt, Norman Girvan, Osvaldo
Sunkel, Paul Bowles, Manfred Bienefeld and Walden Bellos, to
examine from a critical perspective the contemporary dynamics of a
system in crisis--issues of capitalist development and
globalization within the neoliberal world order. The essays,
written in tribute to Surendra Patel for his contribution to the
field of development studies, cover subjects including the
financial crisis of 2008, the regional dynamics of neoliberal
globalization, democracy and development, the political economy of
natural resource extraction, and the formation of a postneoliberal
state oriented towards a new economic model. Drawing on an analysis
of the development process in the Caribbean, Latin America, Africa
and the Philippines, it considers the historical foundations that
impact on economic growth and technological transformation, and
evaluates the relationship between capital and the state, and the
role of NGOs and social movements in the context of the debate on
neoliberal globalization. Development in an Era of Neoliberal
Globalization will be of interest to students and scholars of
international politics and economic development, the political
economy of globalisation, the sociology and politics of
development, and developments in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Collectively documents and analyses economic, political, social and
environmental crises and the need to find alternatives to the
system that generates them. Each contributor supplements their
overview with a guide to the critical development studies
literature on the topic thereby providing scholars and students
with a precis of the key issues as well as a window into essential
further readings. Provides a timely and necessary analysis of the
systemic changes that are needed to transform the current world to
one where economic and social justice and environmental integrity
prevail.
This book concerns recent and current political developments in
Latin America related to the emergence of left-leaning regimes
riding the waves of anti-neoliberalism and a primary commodities
boom. Based on five years of field research and a critical
engagement with social movements in the region, the book documents
the short-term advances and strategic weaknesses of these
left-leaning regimes, highlighting their failure to take advantage
of favourable economic and political conditions. The authors
profile four cases of recent and current political developments,
and the prospects for socialism, in Argentina, Bolivia, Cuba and
Venezuela.
The role and economic power of corporations that dominate the world
economy has generated considerable controversy. The most heated
debate and the most critical questions surrounding the role of
multinational corporations relate to foreign direct investment
(FDI). This key volume offers an entirely fresh perspective of the
role of multinationals and the development impact of FDI. Contrary
to prevailing opinion, it examines whether imperialism is a much
more useful concept for describing and explaining the dynamics of
world development than globalization. FDI is a mechanism for
empire-centred capital accumulation, a powerful lever for political
control and for re-ordering the world economy. This is a much
needed analysis of global capitalism and its impact around the
world, resulting in an excellent resource for students, academics
and activists.
Recent changes in the global economy have brought about a massively
devastating pillage of resources in the developing world by
multinational corporations, as well as states with energy and food
security concerns. These developments have also brought about a
major change in the form taken by imperialism (actions taken by the
state to advance the interests of the dominant capitalist class).
Extractive Imperialism in the Americas explores the changing face
of US imperialism in the regional context of the Americas, a major
stage of this system in crisis.
This is written in honour of James Petras, the revolutionary and
anti-imperialist activist and writer, in recognition of his
intellectual achievements and political interventions - his
steadfast principles, distinguished scholarship, extraordinary
writing and uncompromising dedication to the popular struggles of
millions across the world. This cutting-edge look at
conflict-driven social change acts as a fitting tribute to an
intellectual titan.
The Politics of Agrarian Reform in Brazil examines the
interrelationships among peasant mobilization, agrarian reform and
cooperativism in contemporary Brazil. Specifically, it addresses
the challenges facing peasant movements in their pursuit of
political and economic democracy. The book takes as a point of
reference the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), the most
dynamic force for progressive social change in Latin America today.
Robles and Veltmeyer argue that the MST has effectively practiced
the politics of land occupation and the politics of agricultural
cooperativism to consolidate the food sovereignty model of agrarian
reform. However, the rapid expansion of the corporate-led
agribusiness model, which is supported by Brazil's political elite,
has undermined the MST's efforts. The authors argue that despite
intense peasant mobilization, agrarian reform remains an
unfulfilled political promise in Brazil.
This study examines fundamental theoretical and conceptual issues of social change in Latin America in the context of detailed empirical analysis. It challenges the major assumptions and propositions that underlie globalization theory, reworking and fine tuning the concepts of imperialism and social class as relevant to understanding the "new world order." The study centers on the structural features of Latin America and the state policies reconcentrating power in the capitalist class at the expense of labor. It also critically surveys the contradictory tendencies of concentrated wealth and power and the emergence of new socio-political movements and alternative development strategies to the dominant paradigm.
The book argues that the Cuban Revolution warrants a closer look as
a model of socialist human development. A re-reading of the Cuban
Revolution from this angle engages unresolved issues in the theory
of socialist humanism and the notion of human development
popularized by the United Nations Development Programme (i.e.,
predicated on capitalism). UNDP economists and other agencies of
international cooperation for development give a human face to a
capitalist development process that is anything but humane.
Socialism in Cuba has taken a very different form (socialist human
development) than it did elsewhere in the twentieth century. The
Cuban Revolution's unique characteristics enabled it to survive
adverse conditions - a 'near-perfect storm' - that still threaten
its evolution.
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