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Can women succeed? Is women's work appreciated equally to men's? Do
women's salaries reflect the quality and quantity of work they do?
Does gender make a difference? These questions, which often emerge
even in democratic societies and free-market economies, are much
more acute in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe.
Gender has been an issue thus far neglected in transition
economies. Drawing on official statistics, an international
multidisciplinary team of sociologists, economists, demographers
and geographers examines how women have been affected by the labor
market reforms in Poland in the transition period of the 1990s. The
issues discussed include occupational segregation, the social
mobility of women, demographic change, the power and participation
of women in public life, women's organizations, and labor market
reform.
This book aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the
consequences of changes in European societies, focussing on
migration and related phenomena of discrimination and xenophobia.
The comparative analyses cover all countries of the European Social
Survey in the period 2002-2014. They reveal that native members of
so-called vulnerable groups, such as the unemployed, retired,
permanently sick or disabled and the elderly, were more likely to
experience threats and to exhibit anti-immigration attitudes. The
contributors further examine social openness defined in terms of
marital homogamy, social trust in the context of legitimization and
social conditions of sleeplessness. A final methodological section
presents the results of a mixed mode experiment involving the
face-to-face mode.
This book is about long-term changes to class and inequality in
Poland. Drawing upon major social surveys, the team of authors from
the Polish Academy of Sciences offer the rare comprehensive study
of important changes to the social structure from the communist era
to the present. The core argument is that, even during extreme
societal transformations, key features of social life have
long-lasting, stratifying effects. The authors analyse the core
issues of inequality research that best explain "who gets what and
why:" social mobility, status attainment and their mechanisms, with
a focus on education, occupation, and income. The transition from
communist political economy to liberal democracy and market
capitalism offers a unique opportunity for scholars to understand
how people move from one stratifi cation regime to the next. There
are valuable lessons to be learned from linking past to present.
Classic issues of class, stratification, mobility, and attainment
have endured decades of radical social change. These concepts
remain valid even when society tries to eradicate them.
Prestige examines whether social prestige is still an important
axis of the stratification hierarchy. It appears that prestige has
lost some of the close connection with social position it had in
estates societies. Prestige distribution patterns have changed and
individualized gradations emerged, while agreement in the
occupational prestige in Poland is lower than in the West and still
declining. However, low consensus in occupational prestige rankings
does not entail a disintegration of respect norms as such: personal
prestige is still a relevant factor in designing life strategies
and people do care about respect. This volume presents empirical
evidence that all social classes recognize the motivational,
integrative and satisfying functions of prestige.
Based on comparative surveys, the author presents a study of social
transformation in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989. Focusing
on Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Slovakia,
the author provides information relating to social structure,
mobility, inequality, lifestyle and economic stratification.
Applying the Erikson-Goldthorpe classification of class positions,
Domanski effectively presents fully comparable data to enable
political comparisons to be made with other countries, especially
those with firmly established free market economies. As such, "On
the Verge of Convergence" seeks to provide a clearer understanding
of the on-going process of social transformation within developing
capitalist societies.
This book discusses the viability of "importing" the middle class
to Poland. The 1990s were a step forward in the formation of the
Polish middle class and, systematically yet barely discernible in
daily life, the process was triggered by an increase in consumption
and affluence. However, the changes of attitudes, life goals and
value systems distinct for the Western middle class are ambiguous
and rather slow in Poland. They ensue mainly from the changes in
new social structures and the behavioral rationality of consumers.
It appears that the middle class in Poland will not emerge as an
exact copy of the original middle class - rather, it will be its
contextually modified variant, affected by Polish cultural
traditions.
The present collection of articles is based on data from the
European Social Survey (ESS) and analyses the changes in European
societies. The first part of the volume is devoted to relations
between legitimization, subjective well-being, voting patterns, and
the role of social cohesion in determination of political culture.
The second part addresses methodological questions designed to
quantify the reliability and validity of certain measures in
interviews, coverage errors, measurement errors, and non-response,
as well as the understanding of questions in multi-country surveys
in the context of the comparability between countries.
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